الفهرس 
Histo-anatomy of the Vocal FoldsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Glottal insufficiency is a major clinical problem in every phoniatric practice. It results in glottal gap between the two vocal folds, which in turn might cause dysphonia, dysphagia and breathing problems. Vocal fold injection is considered a safe, reliable and highly effective method of treatment. The present study included twenty-five consecutive patients (13 males and 12 females), their age ranged from 19-68 years. The cause of glottal insufficiency was unilateral vocal fold paralysis in 17 cases, VF scarring in 6 cases, presbylarynx in 1 case and sulcus vocalis in 1 case. VFI was performed in all patients. This was office based in 17 cases, and under general anesthesia in 8 cases. Hyaluronic acid was the injection material in 23 cases and Calcium hydroxyl apatite in 2 cases. The aim of this study was to assess voice outcomes in patients with glottal insufficiency after VFI. Assessment protocol was done pre-injection, one week then one month after injection. The results of the study revealed satisfactory statistically significant improvement of voice by perceptual assessment, measurement of glottal gap size, acoustic analysis and by the patients’ subjective rating of their voices. Summary 96 One of the limitations in this study was small sample size, so the present study should be replicated with a larger sample. Also, the study focused on the short-term outcomes of VFI in glottal insufficiency patients and further studies are needed to investigate its long-term outcome in these patients.