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Abstract Summary Thalassemia is a genetic disorder characterized by a relative or complete lack of α- or β-globin chains. It is characterized by chronic ineffective erythropoiesis and anemia which requires lifelong blood transfusions and involves a variety of complications associated with iron overload, nutritional deficiencies and chronic oxidative stress, including the neurological complications. In most cases, these complications remained subclinical and were detected only during electrophysiological, or neuroimaging evaluation. Electrophysiological assessment, electroencephalogram (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transcranial Doppler (TCD) flow studies are useful in detecting subclinical neurological complications, and to predict strokes by detecting arterial stenosis with TCD This study was carried out in the Neuropsychiatry and Pediatric Departments, Tanta University Hospital, in the period from March 2018 to March 2019 The aim of this work was to detect the neurological complications of β-TM children. This study was designed to include three groups: A. group I: (25) children with β-TM. They were receiving packed cell transfusion to maintain their hemoglobin concentration more than 9 gm/dL. They also received deferasirox as an oral iron chelating agent at a dose ranging between 20-40 mg /kg/day and supportive therapy in the |