الفهرس 
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Abstract
Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the biological effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) versus calcitonin on healing of surgically induced mandibular bone defects performed on osteoporotic rats. Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven healthy female albino rats were used in the study. group I (n=3) (negative control) rats received a vehicle injection then a unilateral surgical mandibular bone defect was created in the diastema region in each rat. group II (n=18) (positive control) rats were subjected to induction of osteoporosis then a unilateral surgical mandibular bone defect was created in each rat. group III (n=18) (calcitonin-treated group) rats were handled as those of group II but the bone defects were filled with absorbable hemostatic gelatin sponge loaded by 10 IU of injectable synthetic salmon calcitonin. group IV (n=18) (BMSCs-treated group) similar to group II but the bone defects were filled with absorbable hemostatic gelatin sponge seeded by 0.5×106 BMSCs. Rats were euthanized at intended timepoints. Results: BMSCs-treated group showed marked enhancement in bone healing detected by the increased trabeculation, maturation and proper connectivity. In addition, collagen fibers’ area percentage was statistically significantly higher in this group when compared to the other groups particularly at 2 and 4 weeks’ timepoints as revealed by one-way ANOVA analysis followed by LSD post-hoc test. Conclusions: BMSCs showed better results than SC and its use may be an effective therapy for treatment of osteoporotic bone defects.