الفهرس 
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Abstract
All experiments were carried out in the apiary and laboratory of
Plant Protection Research Institute (Sharkia Branch).and private apiary at
Zagazig district, Sharkia Governorate . The experiments were performed
during the period from 2015 to 2018.
1- Occurrence of pests and diseases attacking honey bee apiary at
Zagazig locality along 2015 months:
Varroa infestation of was (30& 5%) during November and June
respectively , while Nosema infestation was (45&15 % ) during February
and March, respectively.
The infestation of EFB recorded (0&20 %) January and
Junerespectively and % infestation of chalk brood was (0&5 %)
duringJune February.Wax Moth infestation was (0&15%) during January
and June respectively.
Results showed that the highest infestation of varroa was 30% in
November and the highest infestation of Nosema 45% in February. the
highest infestation of EFB 20% in June and chalk brood was 5% in
February. %infestation of Wax Moth was 15% June and
Septemberautumn had the highest pressure ofVespa orientalis density for
2 /minutes 17.5 adult.
2-Population fluctuation of the oriental hornet , Vespa orientalis
during 2015 -2016 season.
The activity of queens and workers was monitored during the two
seasons of 2015. 2016 using the normal (wood) wire trap available in most
of the beekeepers and using honey (honey solution) as a food attraction by
50 ml solution per trap . The attractor is changed every 48 hours.
-Seasonal abundance
The period of activity extended from March to December, and in
January and February the pollen queens were absent The pollinated
queens spend this period hidden in the cracks and the old mud houses. The
population decreased in the second season from the first season because
the suspended trapping in the first season reduce the number of queens
that will build the nest in the second season and the subsequent decrease
in the population in the second season, it was also noted that the pollen
queens started to emerge from the end of March and increase the
population , which was Captured in the traps to the highest count in May
and then less for the shift of queens full-time Eggs inside the nest and
leave the food collection of worker that start appearing in the month of
June and re-queens in the virgins appearing in the month of October .As
well as workers increase their census until it reaches the highest census
during the month of October and then gradually decrease the census until
all workers and drones die during the winter season of January and
February and keep the queens that have been pollen in order to reappear
again in March to build the nest.
Seasonal fluctuations of the adults Vespaorientalisof adults captured with
the wire traps food attractants of the study seasons are shown as
2.1The first season 2015.
Queens were started to appear on march The period of activity
ranged from the end of March to December. The highest Captured adults
population of pollen queens in May were 42.7 insect / month /trap and the
highest number of virgins queens in November was an average of 128.7
insect / trap / month. In October, there were 270 worker / trap / month
followed by the month of November, 214.3 and then the month of
September recorded 133 and the highest drone count was recorded in
November 45.3 in order to queens virgins which also increase in
November and then December where Recorded 3 insect / trap / month and
was the highest total population during the month of November 388.3
insect / trap / month followed by October 283 and then September 133
The total number of insects Captured was 991.4 .
2.2 - The second season 2016.
The adult of queens started to appear from March The period of
activity for adults was extended from the end of March to December. The
highest number of pollen queens was recorded in May with 31.33
followed by June 9.3, and the census decreased in July to 3 insect / trap /
month. September and the virgins queens reappeared in October and
recorded the highest census in the month of November 97.7 followed by
December 18.3 and then recorded in October 1.3 and registered the
highest number of workers caught with food attractants during October
199 followed by 157 in November and then month In September,
recording 99.7 and finally 49.7 in August and November The census of
total insects caught trapes attracting food 285, followed by the month of
October and then record 201.3 the month of September was 99.7 0 total
insects that have been caught record 736.7 .
2.3 - Effect of weather factors.
The simple correlation and partial regression of the relationship
between these weather factors (temperature mean, relative humidity and
wind speed) and weekly number of captures adults were recorded.
2.3.1 - Effect of Temperature (Co) mean.
Both simple correlation and regression values were insignificant
negative for mean day temperature in 2015 season where r =- 0.1, b
=0.77.so it was insignificant negative effects in season, 2016 where r=-
0.14 b=0.66.The number of captured adults pollen queens were
decreased from 42.7 to 2.7 adults/trap by increasing the mean temperature
from 31.5 Co. on May to 34.4 Co. on July in 2015 season. So 2016 season
the number of captured adults queens were decreased from 31.4 to 3
adults/trap by increasing mean on temperature from 26.9 Co on may to 30
Co on July. Both simple correlation and regression values were
insignificant positive for mean day temperature in 2015 season where was
r= 0.28 and the regression coefficient was b= 0.38. The 2016 was
correlation coefficient r= 0.16 and the regression coefficient was 0.62.
where the highest number of workers caught in the month of October 270
at 30.6co degrees and decreased the census at a low temperature where the
month of November 214.3 at the temperature of 25co and the record of
December 2.7 at a temperature of 20.2 during the 2015 season, where the
highest number of workers caught in the month of October 199 at 256co
degrees and decreased the census at a low temperature where the month of
November 157 at the temperature of 20.9 co and the record of December 2
at a temperature of 15 during the 2016 season, and the lower the
temperature decreased the number of workers.