الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Stem cells are unspecialized cells in the human body which are able of becoming specialized cells, each with new specialized cell functions. The best example of a stem cell is the bone marrow stem cell that is unspecialized and able to specialize in to blood cells. Stem cell remains uncommitted until it receives a signal to develop into a specialized cell. Stem cells have the remarkable properties of developing into a variety of cell types in the human body. They serve as a repair system by being able to divide without limit to replace other cells. When stem cells divides, each new cell has the potential to either remain as a stem cell or become another cell type with new special functions, such as blood cells, brain cells, etc. Stem cells derived from umbilical cord play role in cell therapies, as they have no ethical consideration and contain immune privileged cells which suitable for allogeneic based therapies. The aim of this study, we made an attempt for MSCs isolation from the sub endothelial layer of umbilical cord using collagenase. The purity of HUC-MSCs was detected by flow cytometer where the cells give positivity for CD 90, CD 105 and CD 106 while gave a negative for CD 45 and CD 146. For complete the aim of this study, we investigate cardiac differentiation capacity of (HUC-MSCs) in vitro using two different protocols. The first protocol we used 5-azacytidine (5-Aza) only and 5-Aza with basic fibroblast growth factor (BFGF) in the second protocol. The results showed degree of differentiation depend on the type of protocol. The differentiated HUC-MSCs showed high level of mRNA protein expression for cardiac markers under protocol 2 which treated with one pulse of 5-aza and continuous treated with BFGF compered to cells induced by 5Aza only. Compared undifferentiated and differentiated HUC-MSCs under protocol 2 showed remarkable expression of Desmin, B-myosin heavy chain, cardiac troponin T and NKX2.5 as a result of RT-PCR technique more than protocol 1. Superiority of Protocol 2 over protocol 1 was detected by assessment of LDH and CTNI production by differentiated cells. Transmission electron microscopy was reveled cardiomyocyte-like ultrastructure and typical sarcomeres. All above observations confirm that the human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly can used as a source of MSCs, which can be chemically transformed into cardiomyocytes furthermore usage of BFGF and 5-Aza to induce cardiac differentiation is highly recommended in vitro. .