الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 109 |  |  |
| | | from | 109 | | |
Abstract
In this study nine bacterial human pathogens were obtained from the department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University. They were two strains of E. coli (one and two), two strains of Klebsiella pneumonia (one and two), two strains of Proteus mirabilis (one and two), two strains of Pseudomonas aeurginosa (one and two) and one strain of Aeromonas. Although the nine isolates were identified and characterized by specialists at the faculty of medicine, we subjected the nine bacteria to further analysis to delineate the differences between each two strain belonging to the same genus. Eight of the isolates were known to cause different diseases to humans and Aeromonas was famous pathogen of fishes and non-humans. A major driving force was the high concern about the wide spread of antibiotic resistance among the human bacterial pathogens. The multidrug resistance is not only a major threat to the fighting of infectious bacterial pathogens by medical community, but it complicates the overall strategies by health officials to ensure healthy status for the working forces and economic prosperity of the nations around the world. The emerging of new resistance mechanisms by pathogenic bacteria turns the current generations of antibiotics obsolete and non-effective compounds. Meanwhile, the search for new antibacterial compounds is complicated because of the price tag for discovery and development and the time needed for marketing . develop a molecular-based diagnostic tool or tools for bacterial human pathogens .develop a DNA-based tool develop a protein-based tool develop involvement of toxin-antitoxin system in multidrug resistance herefore, the first action was to check the nine pathogenic bacteria for their resistance to 19 different antibiotics widely used for treatments of these bacterial pathogens. Secondly, we studied the ability of some molecular techniques in distinguishing and differentiation between the isolates of the same bacterial genus such those of E. coli (one and two), two strains of Klebsiella pneumonia (one and two), two strains of Proteus mirabilis (one and two), and two strains of Pseudomonas aeurginosa. The molecular techniques used were protein banding patterns, RAPD-PCR DNA fingerprinting, and plasmid contents. Localization of the genes encoding for resistance to antibiotics was highly important part of this study; either plasmid-coded or chromosomal-coded. Our results indicated that : -1 Eight strains out of the nine included in this were resistance to the 19 antibiotics tested; i.e. they are multidrug resistant (MDR .) -2 The eight bacterial pathogens belong to four genera/species of bacteria Aeromonas sp., E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeurginosa ... Key words: Antigram, DNA fingerprint, protein profile , Toxin-Antitoxin.