الفهرس 
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Abstract
Brucellosis continues to be of great health significance and economic importance in many countries. Infections in animals caused by Brucella spp. frequently result in abortions and diminished levels of milk production. Once the acute period of the disease is over, animals may present with little or no disease symptoms, and Brucella cells can chronically be located in the supramammary lymphatic nodes and mammary glands of 80% of infected animals; thus, animals continue to secrete the pathogen in their body fluids. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the epidemiological situation of brucellosis in New Valley and Assiut governorates in camels and man using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), Milk Ring Test (MRT), Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) as well as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to improve the diagnostic procedures for better control and surveillance procedures. A total of 227 apparently healthy dromedary camels of 3 to 8 years old were enrolled in this study. This study included 210 males and 17 females from New Valley and Assiut governorates. All camels were clinically normal at the time of sampling and according to the owners; none had previously shown clinical signs of brucellosis. These animals included 110 from New Valley governorate and 117 from Assiut governorate. Furthermore, A total of 50 milk samples from she camels of 5 to 8 years old were included in this study.
Our results revealed that:1-The overall prevalence of brucellosis among 227camels blood samples record by RBPT (9.7%) as screening test and by ELISA (18.8%) and PCR (13.8%) as confirmatory tests. prevalence of brucellosis in 50 camels milk was recorded by MRT (6%) as screening test and by ELISA (66.7%) and PCR (100%) as confirmatory tests.
3-The seroprevalence of brucellosis in New Valley governorate was 7.3%, 20% and 33.3% and in Assiut governorate was 12%, 17.6% and 0% by using RBPT, ELISA and PCR respectively.
4- The prevalence of Brucella antibody among the 32 serologically examined camels in Assiut and New Valley governorates by ELISA was 18.8%.
5-The prevalence of Brucella in the examined milk samples using ELISA test 66.7% was positive to IgG and 0% in each IgM and both IgM& IgG.
6- Females camel were recorded high percentage of infection 11.8% than Males 9.5% by RBPT.7- Our work illustrated that ˂ 5 years camels recorded 7.7% . While, 5 years camels recorded high percentage 9.8% by RBPT. A sum of 4272 (1896 males and 2376 females) human blood samples were investigated in this study from New Valley and Assiut governorates 4215 of them collected from patients admitted to Assiut Fever Hospital were suffering from pyrexia, night sweating , bone pain and arthlagia and 57 from apparently healtlthy camel handlers from New Valley and Assiut governorates. A questionnaire was designed for each patient to determine the risk factors assessments regarding residence, age, sex, and contact with camels either partial or completely.
Our results revealed that:
1 The overall prevalence of brucellosis among 4272 human’s samples was 16.5%, 83% and 12% by using RBPT, ELISA and PCR respectively.
2- Occurrence of brucellosis among 4215 human patients, the seropositivity was 16.6%, 84% and 13.6% by using RBPT, ELISA and PCR tests respectively.
3- Regarding to the occurrence of brucellosis among camel handlers, the seropositivity was 5.3%, 66.7% and 0% by using RPBT, ELISA and PCR respectively.
4- Prevalence of brucellosis among patients with fever using ELISA and PCR test was 84% and 13.6% by using ELISA and PCR respectively5- Our work illustrated that 42% out of positive patients was positive for IgM, 26% for IgG and 16% for both IgM & IgG.
6- Seroprevalence of brucellosis among camel handlers in New Valley and Assiut Governorates by using RBPT and ELISA tests was 0% in each test in New Valley and 7.1% and 66.7% in Assiut respectively7- Our work illustrated that 2 (66.7%) out of 3 camels handlers were positive to ELISA. 33.3% of these cases was positive for IgM, and 33.3% for IgG.
8- Distribution of brucellosis among patients was highest in spring (26.6%), followed by winter (15.8%), autumn (13.2%) and summer (10.5%).9- Influence of age on human brucellosis among patients was referred to the highest rate in 21-30 years (30.1%), followed by 60 years (26.1%), 20 years (21.1%), 31-40 years (17%), 51-60 years (9.8%) and lowest in 41-50 years (6.9%).10- Prevalence of brucellosis among camel handlers according to age group was 12.5% at age group 31-40 years followed by 9.1% at age 21-30 years.
11- The male patients were recorded 16.
12- The camel handlers females were recorded high percentage of infection 13.3% than males 2.4% by RBPT.