الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was performed to assess the possible association between groundwater and kidney disease in new valley governorate .
Methods : This hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Nephrology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, during the period from August 2018 to January 2019. After obtaining verbal consent from all participants; the general information of each participant was recorded, full history taken and general examination was done for each participant, then urine samples and serum blood samples taken for urine analysis, serum urea and serum creatinine, then estimated glomulurar filtratin rate (eGFR) was calculated for healthy subjects groups using MDRD Equation; after that three different groundwater samples and Nile water sample collected and analyzed for different solutes and heavy metals contents.
Result: Our data suggests that rural community as in Eldakhla; which depends on groundwater supply may affected by more risk of CKD than urban community as in Cairo city, which depends on Nile water supply.
Conclusion : there are increased prevalence of CKD in New Valley governorate and this may be due to groundwater consumption .