الفهرس 
الإطار النظري والاستعراض المرجعييوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Electronic Commerce (e-Commerce) plays increasingly an important role because of its several benefits that allow expanding and spreading such type of commerce in accomplishing deals and transactions electronically. It’s difficult to define electronic commerce precisely as it may include different activities that can’t be taken into consideration, however, the study considered the type Business to Business (B2B) e-Commerce as the target of this investigation as it’s the most suitable to type to agricultural exporting activities. The study, also, considered Internet as the main media of completing electronic transaction and, hence, the impact of e-commerce would be the same as the impact of internet.
As the study has showed some previous studies related to the subject, it could be summarized that:
Most of the studies investigating the Egyptian agricultural exports focus on strategic crops & products which mostly the same as chosen in this study with one exception which is Molasses, the study took into consideration to show recent previous studies from the same period as the e-Commerce started, however, only one research paper has investigated the impact of e-commerce on the development of agricultural exports where it assured the role of the availability of marketing information over internet on developing the exports.
With regard to previous studies related to the issue of e-commerce in general matter, most of these studies has investigated technical, legal, and information technology issues rather than economic issues, however, the few studies investigated the economic issues have assured the role of internet in developing international trade. It’s, also, important to say that information technology indicators could be used as indicators for the development of e-commerce and its potential impact on international trade where the increase of indicators such as number of internet users, number of personal computers, and number of internet hosts could be an indicator for the development of e-commerce and its impact on developing exports.
It’s, also, noticed that e-commerce related studies have gone, over time, from investigating theoretical issues such as legal and technical aspects to investigating practical issues such as the impact of e-commerce on international trade and exports.
With regard to the development of Egyptian agricultural exports, in particular the chosen seven products (cotton, rice, potatoes, orange, vegetables - except melon and water melon -, molasses, and onion) which represent 90% of the total agricultural exports; it’s shown that agricultural exports are very important to the Egyptian economy and are increasing over time although it’s shares within the total exports, rural income, and gross domestic product are decreasing over time. But, it could be said that these decreases are not belong to the decrease of its importance but belong to the increase of other sectors’ importance.
As the study was divided into two periods; from 1991 to 1997 and from 1998 to 2004; some indicators such as the quantity exported, the percentage of exports as of the total production, and the value of exports as of the total agricultural exports’ value have increased – in most cases - significantly during the second period comparing to the first period. It’s, also, shown that comparing means of both periods for most cases has resulted significant increases within the second period comparing to the first one.
As to the development of e-commerce indicators; it’s obvious that e-commerce is increasingly become an important issue to government and organizations, the increase importance could be noticed if we realized the value of money spent on developing the Nanotechnology, the cornerstone of e-commerce, where this value dramatically increased from $559 million in 1998 to $3700 million in 2004 recording a percentage of increase 662%. It’s, also, been shown that the value of direct electronic transactions over internet has increased from $657 million in 2000 to $6790 million in 2004 with a percentage of increase 1033%. The study has shown that more than 90% of internet transactions are Business to Business deals. But because the direct internet transactions are not subject to be counted, most researchers and organizations consider the information technology indicators such as number of internet users, number of personal computers, and number of internet hosts …. etc, the indicators of potential improvement of e-commerce. By investigating these indicators internationally, it’s shown that all indicators are increasing in both developed and developing countries, however, developing countries are achieving high levels of increase percentage since the existence levels are not high enough. It could be said that the development of e-commerce is mostly correlated to the development of previously mentioned indicators, that’s why developed countries are concerned in developing the infrastructure of information technology. With regard to e-commerce indicators in Egypt, there’s no available data about the volume of e-commerce, however, the information technology indicators show that the number of internet users, the number of personal computers, the number of internet hosts, and some other derived indicators are increasing with percentages of 2832%, 3150%, and 58.6% respectively and these indicators are significantly increasing from 1998 to 2004. These results may indicate potential increase in agricultural exports.
Regarding the role of internet - in particular e-marketplaces - in offering information that help in accomplishing deals and transactions easily, the study has shown the importance of e-marketplaces in offering information about potential partners and, also, offering enough marketing information about the products marketed which establish a kind of trust and, accordingly, increases the use of internet in accomplishing transactions.
With regard to Egyptian companies working in exporting agricultural products and their use of internet, the study has shown a high trend towards using internet where all companies are connected to internet as it’s the cheapest and easiest way to communicate, however, 70.8% of these companies don’t have web site for the company, also, high percentage of them (81.2%) didn’t use internet for sell/buy actions mainly because the lack of trust of using internet in doing business. On the other hand, it’s noticeably that some of these companies have registered as members of some open e-marketplaces (27%) and the most important is that about 15% of the registered companies have achieved sales as a result of being members of an open e-marketplace. It’s, also, important to mention that about 82% of the companies are using e-mail frequently in accomplishing transactions. Finally, the study shows that most of the companies believe that internet opens new marketing opportunities and may increase companies’ profits and, accordingly, increasing the Egyptian agricultural exports.