الفهرس 
PrefaceOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
There are many environmental and radiation monitoring networks and systems used in most countries all over the world. Environmental monitoring networks carry out monitoring functions for weather, soil and water. On the other hand, in nuclear power plants, radiation monitoring systems monitor radiological activities and any leakage of dangerous particles. The applied techniques and methods are varying from one system to another according to the functions, tasks and objectives assigned to each system.
In this thesis we present a practical model for the formation or installation of a monitoring network or system that can be used in both cases for environmental or radiological monitoring. The design of this proposed system is based on a network of specialized sensors and electronic circuits to monitor and measure environmental variables / parameters in general or the environment in nuclear plants in particular. Sensors of all kinds can be connected to the proposed system to measure environmental parameters for measuring air quality, temperature, pressure, humidity etc.
However, sensors for nuclear measurements which are available in markets can be connected to measure radiation levels in the environment of nuclear power plants. Data and sensor readings are collected through the network points / nodes, which are based on the use of the microcontroller and its unique capabilities. In this thesis, the Microcontroller was chosen from the AVR (Alf and Vegard‟s RISC Processor) family for its characteristics and capabilities for operation and control of electronic circuits.
The proposed system includes a set of more recent technologies that can be used not only to establish monitoring systems but also to modify and update existing monitoring systems to improve their performance and raise their efficiency.
This thesis includes the explanation and implementation of many of these new technologies. These technologies include the use of IIC (Inter Integrated Circuit) technology to operate multiple sensors on a single path, the use of the famous protocol or technology ” Ethernet” for transmission of readings and monitoring data through the local and wide area network (LAN / WAN) cables between network nodes. Also, SD memory cards (with small size and high storage capacity) were used to collect and store data from network
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nodes. And finally the application of GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communication) technology for mobile phones to issue calls or SMS alerts for critical situations and emergencies.
In addition, a special set of techniques has been implemented to conserve and rationalize the use of electric energy and to find new means that can be used in the proposed system. One of these techniques is the use of PoE (Power over Ethernet technology) as an alternative source of electricity. Other alternative electric sources are rechargeable batteries and solar cells that can be connected to supply of electricity to the monitoring network nodes.