الفهرس 
Introduction and RationalOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Substance abuse represents a worldwide challenging health problem with different etiology and motives; it poses a serious threat to the health of individuals and family function in addition to its negative impact on stability of social, political and legal institutions in many countries. All countries suffer from this problem regardless of their state of development, civilization or security. (157)
In developing countries, substance abuse represents a serious health problem that is particularly complicated by lack of financial resources, impaired help seeking behavior due to cost of treatment and illiteracy, in addition to the absence of accurate databases that describe the real magnitude of the problem. For example in Egypt, as in many developing countries, no actual registrations are available for the total number of drug abusers; hence, the public health threat from Alcohol, tobacco and other drugs abuse continues uncontrollable in Egypt. (4)