الفهرس 
AcknowledgementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 115 |  |  |
| | | from | 115 | | |
Abstract
Maxillary labial frenum is a normal structure that have many types of classifications according to morphology and morpho-function. Every type increase prevalence at specific age and gender, and is associated with increase in specific disease and problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the labial frenum types according to morphological and morpho-functional classifications among a group of children regarding their age and gender and to assess the effects of the different types of frenum. A cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of one year. A sample of 2004 children aged 6 to 12 years old (boys and girls) were selected from 8 primary schools in Mansoura city. Types of maxillary labial frenum were determined according to two different classifications (Placek and Sewerin). All children were examined in accordance with gingival index, diastema, appearance and phonetic problems. Data were collected and statistically analyzed using SPSS The most prevalent frenum attachment type was gingival type according to Placek classification. There was high significant difference between age and gingival, palatal and palatal penetrating frenum types and no significant difference in mucosal type. No significant difference was present between gender and frenum types while significant difference was present between frenum types and all of gingival index, spacing, diastema, appearance problem and phonetic problem. Simple (normal) frenum type was the most prevalent frenum type according to Sewerin classification. Significant difference was clear between age and all of simple, bifid and recess Sewerinfrenum attachment types. In relation of Sewerinfrenum attachment types with gender there was no significant difference. However significant difference was clear between Sewerin classification and all of gingival index, spacing,