الفهرس 
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Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the major puplic health problem in rural Egypt, with almost six million people were infected. The presence of Aswan Dam has led to the virtual elimination of S. haematobium from the Nile Delta but has brought the establishment of S. mansoni in Upper Egypt.
Acute Schistosomiasis may commonly develop in the immunologically negative host. Six to eight weeks after the initial contact with water infected by cercaria, clinical manifestation of the disease appear and they vary in intensity from relatively mild to severe. Heavy infections contribute to anaemia and can retard children’s growth, physical activity and congestive function. If such infections left untreated, they will lead to substantial morbidity, including peripheral hepatic fibrosis.
This study was conducted on patients with hepatomegaly in Beni-Suef General Hospital and Beni-Suief University Hospital. Patients were from rural and urban areas. Samples were collected from patients both gender and all age groups. The age groups ranged from 20 to 65 years at an average age of 39.7 years old. A total of 110 blood samples were collected from the study subjects. IHA and ELISA assays were applied to detect S. haematobium antibodies and we use western blot as a golden test. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) of serological methods were evaluated.
The study involved age groups, the age range of the studied patients was between 20 and 65 years with mean age of 39.7 (±11.7). Study involved both gender, 30.9% of the studied populations were males and 69.1% were females. As regard age group distribution, the study revealed that young (30-39) were the most prevailing age groups (33.6%) while old age group (60-70) were the least groups
(8.2%). As regard residence distribution, the study revealed that the rural with (83.6%) and the urban with (16.4). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA) detected S. haematobium antibody in 42 (38.18%) out of 110 samples. Indirect haemagglutination assay )IHA( detected S. haematobium antibody in 11(10%) samples of all study groups. Western blot (W.B.) detected S. haematobium protiens in 4 (3.63%) samples of all study groups.
from these results, we found that negative microscopic examination for urine samples do not exclude schistosomiasis haematobium especially in light and old infections. WB showed high sensitivities comparing to ELISA and IHT and these means it is a good positive test for schistosomiasis without cross reaction with other parasites. So a combination of clinical manifestation, serological methods and western blot technique increase the chance for diagnosis of schistosomiasis haematobium.
The relationship between bacterial detection and detection of urinary schistosomiasis is that when the human body suffers from urinary schistosomiasis, the immune system decreases and the resistance of the immune system to any possible microbe attacks the body and thus the body becomes more susceptible to bacterial infection.
Pathogenic bacteria contribute to other important diseases worldwide.
Such as Streptococcus and Pseudomonas, which cause Pneuomonia. Also Shigella
and Salmonella which cause foodborne diseases.
Pathogenic bacteria also cause infections such as tetanus, typhoid fever, diphtheria, syphilis and leprosy. In this study we determine the prevalence of bacterial infection among hospital patients.
For the automatic BACT/ALERT 3D 60 system: all the inoculated vials are entered into the instrument. These vials are automatically tested every 10 minutes (positive vials are identified and appeared on the computer screen). The positive bottles are subcultured and Gram smear are prepared. At the end of the testing period, the final subculture of negative bottles is performed.
Bacterial and fungal isolates were purified and identified by VITEK 2 – compact 15 system.
Bacterial isolates which determined in the blood of hospital patients such as
Staphylococcus aureu , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella
pneumonia and Escherichia coli. Also fungal isolate was Candida albicans.
The presence of living microorganisms in the patient’s blood is one of the most important infections. It is a major problem. The estimated number of patients infected with fungemia or bacteremia exceeds millions. Yeast infection namely candidiasis is an increasingly common problem in hospital patients.