الفهرس 
Introduction.Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
ne of the most important reasons of endodontic treatment failure is the persistence or survival of microorganisms in
the complex root canal system or periapical area; therefore, the success of endodontic treatment depends, to a great degree, on the elimination of microorganisms from the root canal system through mechanical instrumentation and chemical irrigation.[45]
Profound irrigation of the canals with antimicrobial solutions is an important step to decrease the number of microorganisms or eliminate them from the root canal system.
E. faecalis has been reported in high prevalence in primary endodontic infections affecting children.[39]
The purpose of this study was to compare the antimicrobial effect of Azadirachta indica (Neem) as an intracanal irrigant with 2% CHX and 2.5% NaOCl when used as root canal irrigants in extracted primary teeth contaminated with E. faecalis bacteria.
Fifty extracted primary teeth were decoronated and only the roots were used in this study, randomly divided into four experimental groups, one positive control group and one negative control group as follows: CHX group (I): consisted of 10 roots that were contaminated and irrigated with 2% CHX solution, Sodium Hypocloride group (II): consisted of 10 roots that were contaminated and irrigated with Sodium Hypocloride,
NEEM group (III): consisted of 10 roots that were contaminated and irrigated with Azadirachta indica, Ethanol group (IV): consisted of 10 roots that were contaminated and irrigated with Absolute Ethanol, positive control group (V): consisted of 5 roots that were contaminated and negative control group (VI): consisted of 5 roots that were not contaminated nor irrigated.
After mechanical preparation of the root canals employing the step back preparation technique reaching master apical file size #40 to standardize the diameter of all the canals, sterilization of all samples were carried out using Andromeda vacuum xp autoclave at 121 degree °C and 15 PSI pressure for 15 minutes.
Bacterial contamination with the E. feacalis of the first three groups were carried out, assigning each group to its selected irrigation solution for 5 minutes then samples were collected from the canals using sterile paper points and colony- forming units of bacteria were enumerated.
There was a statistical significant difference between the groups and Positive control group. Positive control group had the highest (Mean±SD) bacterial count followed by, Absolute ehanol, the Azadirachta indica (Neem), then NaOCl group while CHX group had the lowest (Mean±SD).
For the reduction percentage change, CHX group and NaOCl showed a significantly higher (Mean±SD) value than Neem group which indicates that 2% CHX irrigation had a higher antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis than NaOCl and Azadirachta indica (Neem) irrigation solution