الفهرس 
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Abstract
The importance to study the sand-water flow is increased. In this thesis, the turbulent flow of sand-water slurries is experimentally studied in a closed-loop pipeline system in the laboratory. The experiments are utilized to show the effect of the variation of both the sand diameter and the sand concentration on the two-phase pressure DROP and the two-phase friction factor by changing the Reynolds number and the sand volume concentration. The pressure DROP is increased along with the Reynolds number. In the experiments, three different sand diameters are used at different three concentrations with water. The diameters of the sand are 0.15, 0.3 and 0.44 mm, while the volume concentrations of the sand are 2.5%, 5% and 10%. The experiments show that the pressure DROP and the friction factor are increased with increasing the sand diameter and the sand volume concentration. Furthermore, the pressure DROP is increased for high mixture flow rates. Furthermore, another set of experiments was conducted using water-bentonite mixture at two different Bentonite concentrations of 100 kg/ ton and 50 kg/ ton and adding the same sand sizes used before at the same concentrations (2.5%, 5% and 10%). The experiments show that the pressure DROP and the friction factor are increased with increasing the Bentonite concentration, sand diameter, and sand volume concentration. In addition, the pressure DROP is increased for high concentrations of Bentonite and sand, and the increasing of sand diameters.