الفهرس 
Acknowledgements
Scope of the Present StudyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In arid regions, the available natural water resources are largely restricted to groundwater. The exploitation of groundwater resources becomes therefore often one of the dominant solutions to provide water for human and agricultural consumption, causing increasing pressure on the groundwater resources.
Groundwater in Sohag district, Sohag Governorate, has a special significance, since it is the second source for freshwater used for domestic, agricultural and industrial uses. Groundwater resources of Sohag district are right now threatened by contamination transmitted from agricultural and urbanization activities. The chemical parameters of groundwater assume fundamental part in characterizing and precisely understanding the hydrochemical processes within any groundwater system. This study focused on the evaluation of groundwater quality and its suitability for different purposes in Sohag district. In order to gain this purpose, hydrogeochemical classification and spatial distribution model of Sohag district Quaternary aquifer have been carried out. Groundwater samples were collected from 65 wells of 13 stations have been analyzed for delineating physicochemical parameters (TDS, EC, TH and pH) and concentration of major ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4+, Cl−, HCO3−, SO42 −, NO2-, and NO3-) , as well as the heavy metals Pb2+, Cd2+, Cr2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+ to study the hydrometric characterization. The distribution of the major ions is in the order of
Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ and HCO3- > Cl− > SO42−. Major ions in groundwater are within the permissible limits for drinking uses with the exception of bicarbonates HCO3-. Each of iron and manganese elements as minor elements in groundwater are exceed of the upper limit according to the Egyptian Higher Committee for Water (EHCW, 2007). Ammonia values range from 0.05 (El Shekh - Makram Station) to 2.75 mg/l (Tunis Station), and about 23% of total collected samples exceed than the permissible limit (0.5 mg/l for NO3-). The suitability of groundwater for irrigation is evaluated by Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC). It is observed that, most of the samples are plotted in C3-S1 field demonstrating low Sodium Adsorption Ratio and high salinity hazard. Spatial distribution of major anions and cations in groundwater samples were shown demonstrating somewhat usual variety. Results indicated that groundwater properties are collectively controlled by the prevailed geochemical .