الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Water pollution is a serious problem that resulted from the introducing of hazardous biological waste, organic materials and heavy metals into the natural environment. This study assessed the purity of wastewater through the physicochemical parameters and controlling microbial pollution using banana leaves with phage cocktail. different wastewater samples of New Cairo, Gabal El-Asfar and Helwan .this study summarized treating wastewater by ecofriendly bacteriophages and fine dried banana leaves prior to discharge or reuse as well as regular and constant monitoring for wastewater to mitigate health problems outbreaks or any aquatic ecosystem disorders.Firstly, many wastewater samples were collected Forty samples (50 L) of wastewater were collected from three plants (New Cairo, Gabal El-Asfar and Helwan).Several physicochemical and bacteriological analyses measured. Our results showed that high concentrations of turbidity, of NH3, total dissolved solids (TDS), electric conductivity (EC), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total alkalinity and recognizable depletion in dissolved oxygen (DO) were recorded.
Pollution from total and fecal coliforms as well as fecal streptococci exceeding permissible limits pointed out that agricultural, industrial and sewage wastes are the key factors in this environmental problem Standard plate count (SPC) bacteria at 22°C and 37°C in all collected water samples recorded high values.
Isolation of bacterial isolates (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa )on selective media, Almost all macroscopically examinations and biochemical testing were carried out according to
Biochemical identification of bacterial isolates The antibiotic sensitivity test was performed using six commercially prepared antibiotic discs (6 mm in diameter) belonging to six different groups were chosen for investigating their potency against bacteria isolated from water samples. These antibiotic classes are the most commonly used in human medicine, veterinary medicine, animal husbandry and in agriculture in Egypt. The discs were obtained from Oxoid, UK. (Amikacin, Erythromycin, Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Ceftazidime ,Ciprofloxacin) E.coli appeared resistance against only Ciprofloxacin. On the other hand P. aeruginosa and S.Typhi were resistant to Erythromycin and Chloramphenicol. Furthermore, S.Typhi indicated resistance also to Ampicillin.
The DNA isolated from the three isolates (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) wereamplified by PCR conventional method using specific primers sequences for 16s rDNA geneBased on comparison of partial nucleotide sequences for three isolates with bacterial species recorded on the Genebank and based on phylogenetic tree analysis data recorded All isolated phages formed circular, clear plaques whose diameters ranged between 1mm to 5mm, where detected with different concentrations and isolated from different sites These phage isolates specific for E. coli were named C1, C2 & C3 then P. aeruginosa phages named Ps1, Ps2 & Ps3 and S. Typhi phages named S1 & S2.Electron microscopy of E.coli, P.aeruginosa and S.Typhibacteriophages were negatively stained with 2% uranyl acetate The head of all examined phages was icosahedral and the phages were with or without tail. The examined phages showed different morphotypes E. coliphages( Eco-1, Eco-2), P. aeroginosa phage( Ps-1) , S.Typhi phage (Sal-1) are related to Siphoviridae. Whereas E. coli phage (Eco-3 ) andP. aeroginosaphage (Ps-2 ) are related to Myoviridae as characterized by a short tail with contractile sheath. P. aeroginosa phage (Ps-3) and S.Typhi phage (sal-2 )don’t have tail and thus they were related to the Podoviridae.After treatment with banana leaves, there was improvement in physicochemical parameters and slight reduction of isolated pathogens that enhanced using mixture of phage cocktail specific to E. coli, P. aeruginosaand S.Typhi and fine powder of banana leaves. Using phage cocktail resulted in a significant reduction of bacterial growth as well as adsorption of wastewater pollutants. This study indicates that bioadsorption and bioremediation of wastewater pollutants using ecofriendly phage cocktail with fine dried powder banana leaves prior to discharge is a good way to improve the safety of reusing wastewater and control health problem