الفهرس 
chapter 1Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 423 |  |  |
| | | from | 423 | | |
Abstract
In response to critical ship emission issues, impact and strict national and international emission regulations, several alternative fuels, energy saving strategies and tools, renewable energy and abatement technology introduced separately or in combination.
The maritime industry reacted to the emissions from ships via IMO and progressed for tighter regulations, technical and operational measures.
IMO emission regulations and their key requirements were explored and simplified.
Among the candidate fuel alternatives, the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as a ship fuel found collectively the optimum fuel alternative.The investigation revealed that, LNG overall has more merits than challenges for its use as fuel and LNG Fuel is expected to be one of the eminent future fuels in ships.
The development of LNG as a fuel source for shipping and its current and future applications are also addressed and shows that certain ship types will benefit much more from the use of LNG than others such as inland ships and many worldwide applications already in place.
New IMO IGF Code “International Code of Safety for Ships using Gases or other Low Flashpoint Fuels”, recently entered into force (01/01/2017) is addressed and analyzed in detail.
Throughout the analysis of the Code, the basis and technical reasons behind the specific requirements of the Code are discussed and clarified. The proactive measures implied in the
code made explicit and illustrated in a developed simplified Figure and Tables showing the” Safety Layers” / “Safety Barriers” in the Code covering the design, installation and operation aspects on board.
The main features and key components of LNG fuel storage and containment systems are analyzed with special emphasis placed on the associated safety aspects.
Technical characteristics and features of NG fuelled marine engines addressed including the essential safety elements for gas, DF engines and the new engine room design concepts especially from the latest IGF Code.
Gap Analysis in Egypt Inland Waterways carried out to provide an effective means to evaluate the nation’s status for potential implementation. The river Nile taken as a sample model especially Nile cruisers. The study shows that there are still many gaps needs to be bridged.
There is extensive research literature available when it comes to the environmental aspects of LNG as ship fuel and other alternatives, and even more focus and enthusiasm about the economic side, authored by local/Egyptian researchers. Therefore, there is a need to give some focus on the technical side.
Hence, a conceptual desktop study is presented, comprised of numerous techno-economic-environmental feasibility studies for the use of LNG as a fuel that are performed. Detailed scope for the feasibility studies including: Intact Stability Analysis, Longitudinal Strength Assessment, Local Strength Analysis by using FEM, Environmental Analysis and Economic Analysis
The overall outcome revealed that the application of LNG as fuel in Inland waterway ships especially in Egypt is feasible. The hypothetical and theoretical conversion can also sketch out and
Implement how LNG systems can be efficiently integrated into existing ship design and future new constructions.
Detailed conclusions and recommendations can support most maritime stakeholders in the early stage for any potential actual conversion or new construction project.
This thesis in general, and the case study in particular, provides an initiative tool, technical guidance, road map with a clear action plan, action steps, a model for environmental improvements, economic development and safety culture change in inland waterways sector locally in Egypt and regionally as well.