الفهرس 
Anatomy and Histology of MaleOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Partial obstruction (PO) is roughly defined as the presence of oligozoospermia with normal or nearly normal sperm production in the seminiferous tubules. The obstruction can occur at any site along the male genital tract. Broadly speaking, diagnosis of obstructive oligozoospermia could be suggested by some findings in history (e.g. of trauma or infection), in examination &/or investigations (e.g. epididymal swelling or marked discrepancy between testicular size and previous sperm counts) but most strongly, by the lack of correlation between score of mature spermatids (Sc + d) in the testicular biopsy and the sperm concentration in the semen analysis. The frequency of obstructive oligozoospermia is roughly estimated to be as high as 20% among patients with sperm concentrations of less than 5 million sperm/ml (Schoysman and Steward, 1980) and about 10 % among patients with sperm concentrations of less than 10 million sperm/ml (Silber and Rodriguez, 1981).