الفهرس 
Blood Supply of the DiaphragmOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Summary Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a method to mechanically assist or replace spontaneous breathing. MV is indicated when the patient’s spontaneous ventilation is inadequate to maintain life. Modes of ventilator support can be classified to volume-targeted modes in which a fixed tidal volume is delivered with each breath and pressure-targeted modes in which the patient triggers the ventilator as in pressure support ventilation or the ventilator controls the patient‘s breathing as in pressure control mode. Bi-level ventilation and APRV are essentially 2 levels of continuous positive airway pressure that allow a mixture of spontaneous and ventilator-mandated breaths. These 2 pressure levels are the PEEP High and PEEP Low setting. Diaphragm function is an important determinant of successful liberation from ventilation and recovery from critical illness ,but mechanical ventilation (MV) by itself seems to affect the diaphragm. First measurement of diaphragm thickness on ultrasound was done by Wait in the year 1989, Ultrasound has been used to evaluate diaphragmatic thickness, and for evaluation of the diaphragmatic thickening fraction (DTF) that may be helpful to assess diaphragmatic function and its contribution to respiratory workload. Average thickness of the diaphragm in healthy volunteers is between 0.22–0.28 cm. Diaphragmatic atrophy can be recognized if the thickness at the end of expiration less than 0.2cm.