الفهرس 
Chapter1: introductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Heavy metals are one of the most toxic materials to the environment. Adsorption is the process which is used for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Many researches have been conducted to remove heavy metals using different materials. Various adsorbents have been used to remove different type of heavy metal ions from wastewater especially those that are harmful to mankind. Activated carbons, plant or biological wastes, clays and biopolymers are the most common adsorbents used. For this research, alluvial soil obtained from the banks of the Nile River at Mansoura City in Egypt, was examined as a potential and low-cost adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution. On the other hand, commercial alginate is available in a powder form as sodium alginate; thus, it is always prepared as calcium alginate. The synthetic wastewater was prepared in the laboratory to conduct the experiments. In addition, the effects of various parameters on adsorption, as well as the operational conditions on the system performance (i.e. adsorbent dose, initial concentration, pH and contact time) was discussed in detail. The results showed that the removal efficiency of heavy metals was strongly influenced by operational parameters. Increasing the initial concentration of heavy metals decreases the removal efficiency. The maximum removal efficiency of the ions removal was increased with increasing the initial time.The removal efficiency increased highly by increasing the adsorbent dosage until it reached the equilibrium at dose of 5g/L. The removal efficiency increased with increasing the adsorbent dosage. The removal efficiency of the ions removal was achieved at pH equal to 9 ±0.5. Langmuir and Freundlich models were utilized to explain the sorption isotherms. Pseudo first order and second order kinetic models were utilized to define the sorption kinetics of the used adsorbent.