الفهرس 
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Abstract
Background: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal disorder, with a prevalence ranging from 6.1 to 13.1 per 10000 people. Genetic susceptibility and inappropriate lifestyle (i.e., over-/malnutrition and physical inactivity) are the main risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) both in children and adults. The aim of the work: The aim of this work was to study the pattern of lipid profile in relation to non-alcoholic fatty liver in cases of Down syndrome and its correlation with obesity. Materials and Methods: 103 cases of DS (60 males and 43 females) aged between 2-18 years were selected from patients attending outpatient clinic of Genetics at Mansoura University Children’s Hospital (MUCH) from January 2018 to January 2019. They were compared with control group (160 healthy children of matched age, gender and socioeconomic standard) as regard history taking, clinical examination of anthropometric measures, laboratory investigations including (liver functions and lipid profile), fat composition using BIA and US assessment of liver fatty infiltration. Results: There was significant increase in cholesterol level, triglycerides and LDL level among DS group. In addition, there was significant increase in serum cholesterol and LDL level in non-obese DS cases versus non-obese ND group, and there was significant increase in serum cholesterol, and triglycerides level in obese DS cases versus obese ND group. There was significant increase in total and regional fat distribution in ND control group in comparison with DS cases. There was significant increase in NAFLD in DS cases in non-obese group. Conclusion: Down syndrome is more likely to develop NAFLD and has less favorable lipid profile and confers a higher risk of dyslipidemia. Total and regional fat distribution are good predictors for NAFLD with high sensitivity and specificity.