الفهرس 
Spectrophotometric methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
On the one hand, veterinary antibiotics (for example; spiramycin adipate and apramycin sulfate) are pharmaceutically important compounds that are extensively used in Egypt and many countries worldwide in the treatment of different diseases in animals. On the other hand, diclofenac sodium is one of the most important non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.It was observed from the literature reviews that there are various methods for the analysis of these investigated drugs with different techniques, for example: HPLC, HPTLC, CE and spectrophotometric methods. The procedures for HPLC methods are tedious to perform,consume large volumes of highly pure solvents and require selective and expensive detectors, which could not be available in many laboratories.Furthermore, the reported spectrophotometric methods for the determination of the cited drugs have low sensitivity. Due to the wide application of these drugs, there is still a demand for rapid, inexpensive, accurate, selective,sensitive and efficient analytical assays to be applied to their pharmaceutical formulations, during industrial process development and scale-up production, as well as in real samples.Electrochemistry has many advantages making it an appealing choice for real sample analysis, where it has always provided analytical techniques characterized by instrumental simplicity, moderate cost and portability. In particular, potentiometric and voltammetric sensors are important classes of electrochemical sensors. The glassy carbon electrode will be modified and optimized for the development of voltammetric sensor for spiramycin adipate. The electrochemical sensor will be characterized and applied for determination of spiramycin adipate.