الفهرس 
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Abstract
Tropical theileriosis is one of the most devastating tick-borne diseases in cattle, therefore this study aimed to, assess the infection rate of bovine theileriosis in Sharkia Governorate using direct microscopy of Giemsa stained blood smears, and IFAT.
In the present work, the overall prevalence of Theileria parasites was (34%; n=119/350) and (70%; n=245/350) using microscopic examination of Giemsa stained blood smears and IFAT, respectively.
The clinical examination of the animals (n=350) revealed that (n=86/350) of which 60 cattle and 26 buffaloes experienced the clinical symptoms of acute theileriosis with a percentage of 24.6%.
In this study, different genes based PCR used for the molecular detection of T. annulata; Cyto b and Tam1 genes were identical in their sensitivity.
Out of 70 examined blood samples by ME, IFAT and PCR, The IFAT had a higher positivity with a percentage of infection (n=43/70; 61.42%). The results of ME and PCR were agreed in 34 samples and disagreed in 36 samples out of them 31 samples were detected by PCR and negative by ME.
These results indicate the lower sensitivity of ME (16.2%) compared to PCR with a highly significant difference (P-value =0.000) between both tests in the detection of infection in apparently healthy animals. Kappa coefficient value of ME and IFAT results indicates lower agreement between the two tests (0.01). A total of 36 positive samples with IFAT were not detected by ME indicating the lower sensitivity of direct microscopy (16.27%) for the detection of Theileria infection in apparently healthy animals.