الفهرس 
Knee anatomyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is most common chronic condition of the joints. OA can affect any joint, but it occurs most often in knees, hips, lower back and neck, small joints of the fingers and the bases of the thumb and big toe. In OA the whole joint is involved leading to damage and loss of articular cartilage, subchondral bone thickening, osteophyte formation, ligamentous laxity, weakening of surrounding muscles and synovial inflammation. Joint pain is the primary symptoms of OA, some of the pain does not originate from the joint itself but relatively from the peri-articular structures around the knee joint that contain pain fibers, including; patellar tendinopathy, friction of the iliotibial band (ITBF), contracture or stretch of medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) and pressure of osteophytes against them and other capsular structures. The use of perineural dextrose injection (PNI) as natural solution for treatment of knee joint pain has gained popularity over the last several years. Perineural Injection Therapy (PIT) is the treatment of pain caused by injured nerves by “blocking” them with a diluted sugar solution. Many chronic pain conditions develop and persist because of injury to specialized nerve fibers located just under the skin.