الفهرس 
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Abstract
Background: The impact of hearing loss on the early development of a child’s language, cognition, and social-emotional competence can be pervasive. When a child has a hearing impairment of early onset, even of a relatively mild degree, the development of these skills is often delayed. Such delays adversely affect communicative, academic, and social success, which at a later age limit vocational choices (Ross et al., 1991). The aim of the work: Estimation of the prevalence of hearing loss in the urban and rural primary schools in El-Mahalla El-Kubra district. Materials & methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 300 children aged 6-12 years old from one rural and another urban primary schools in El-Mahalla El-Kubra district of Egypt were screened for hearing loss at their schools during the academic year 2017/2018. The positive cases were referred for basic audiological evaluation at El-Mahalla El-Kubra general hospital. All children involved in this study were submitted to otoscopic examination, tympanometry and pure tone audiometry.