الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Liver is an essential organ, which has marked capacity for regeneration than extra-hepatic tissues. Healthy liver can simply replace affected hepatocytes, however marked affection decrease its viability and stop functioning appropriately. However, liver enzymatically catabolizes several types of toxins and drugs; it is markedly affected in cases with heavy alcohol drinking, pesticide residues, microbial contamination and intake of highly salted food, fat and minerals in the diet. End stage liver failure occurs due to viral infection and hepatic carcinoma which is lethal and a main cause of deaths globally. Liver transplantation is used to manage a broad range of morbidities, such as liver cancer, cirrhotic, physical injuries, drug, alcohols, acute liver failure and genetic disorders. The capability of MSCs from several sources to undergo trans-differentiation and maturation into hepatocyte- like cells increase the solid foundation for application of MSCs as a substitution for donor liver to meet the great requirement in transplantable hepatocytes. Several clinical and pre-clinical researches were performed in the use of MSCs for treating end-stage hepatic disorders with certain staged successes. MSCs are an attractive cell type for researches and therapies due to their ability to proliferate, differentiate, modulate immune reactions and secrete trophic factors. MSCs are present in multiple tissues, such as BM, umbilical cord and adipose tissues.The human umbilical cord is a source of MSCs, which have (i) a special combination of prenatal and postnatal MSCs features (ii) no ethical problems with acquiring biomaterial (iii) marked proliferative and differentiation potential (iv) lack of tumorigenicity (v) karyotype steadiness (vi) great immunomodulatory activity. Umbilical cord tissue (WJ) has been a particularly promising source of MSCs, which can be cryogenically stored in cell banks, thawed and expanded for therapeutic purposes. The number of registered clinical trials on their use is currently growing.UC MSCs can be acquired more easily in comparison with BM MSCs without causing pain to donors and the technique avoids technical and ethical issues. UC MSCs have a greater proliferation proportion and are more primitive than BM MSCs. The aims of this study were to create functioning hepatocyte like cells from human WJ-MSCs. To confirm the in vitro hepatocyte differentiation process, major findings had morphologic and functional characteristics of hepatocytes (intracellular glycogen granules, Immunofluorescence analysis for intracellular granules expression of albumin and expression of CYP3A4, G-6P, ALB, AFP and HNF4 genes). The present study was conducted on 10 umbilical cords collected from mothers undergoing caesarian section in department of obstetrics and gynecology, Mansoura university hospitals. Cords were processed inMansoura Research Center for Cord Stem Cells (MARC-CSC). Isolation of WJ-MSCs were done by explant -trypsin method for partial digestion of tissue pieces into 3 - 5mm using a commercial trypsin solution at 37 °C for half an hour in a 5% CO2 incubator. Under inverted microscope, the Cell growth from the tissue explants was reached 70-80 % of confluence after 17-23 days. The cells were counted by automated cell counter for counting & viability. WJ- MSCs (from passage 4 to passage 8) were seeded at a density of 1.5 x104 cells /cm2 in 24-well plates coated with 5µ/cm2 of rat tail collagen type I. Then adding hepatocyte differentiation media (IMDM) containing HGF, FGF, nicotinamide , ITS-p, oncostatin M and dexamethasone for 20 days. Then assessments for differentiated MSCs into hepatocyte like cells were done. we are able to obtain a functioning hepatocyte like cells.