الفهرس 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Improving the Efficiency of Photovoltaic Panels byOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Since primary energy sources such as fossil fuels are rapidly exhausting, owing to the increase in energy consumption, renewable energy sources have become promising in meeting future energy demands. Of all the various renewable source s, use of solar energy has been increasing rapidly because it is liberal and pollution -free. Generally, the PV industry is dominated by crystalline silicon technology (mono and multi -crystalline), followed by thin –film technology. Many factors determine the ideal output or optimum yield in the photovoltaic module .Solar cell performance decreases with increasing temperature. Cover clouds and accumulation of dust on solar cell panel caused a significant reduction of the power. El–Kharaga Oasis has a hyper–arid climate which characterizes the western desert. El–Kharaga oasis climate is continental with very hot summer and extreme daily temperature ranges. July is the hottest month. The maximum temperature occasionally approaches 50oC in summer; the coldest month is in January. This work aimed to study and overcome the adverse effects of the climatic factors on the efficiency of the photovoltaic panel to increase the amount of pumped water to satisfy the growing crops needs. It was carried out at El-Kharga , New Valley governorate, Egypt , which bounded by long.30o 20” and 30o 40” E; and Lat.25o 05” and 25o 30” N.
To increase the efficiency of the photovoltaic module under EL-Kharaga climatic conditions two experiments were conducted:
1- Shading experiment: Five shading treatments were tested including control, black screen sheath of 63% shading; grey screen sheath of 65% shading, black screen sheath of 73% shading and white screen sheath of 65% shading.
2- Cooling experiment: In this part, five treatments were investigated namely, control, coaling by water, covered by glass 3 mm thick, Greenhouses effect as covering with glass at 2 cm over the panel and coating with as olive oil.
3- To evaluate the efficiency of the positive experimental results of direct water cooling and olive oil coating every 16 days we selected small solar module power to irrigate farm of 4 feddans (Yaser farm) to test the results the results produced power by a control module, the direct water cooling and the olive oil coating.
The results show that:
The seasonal increase in temperature reduced the produced power gradually. The accumulation of dust on the solar cell panel causes a significant reduction of short circuit current and power. Dust accumulation did not have any marked effect on open circuit voltage .the cloud reduced the short circuit current and power. Depending on the density of the cloud the output reduction varied from 70 to 34 %of the rated power 50 watt
Shading
Shading the PV panels generally produced unexpected negative results. The highest value of current, voltage and power output was from the control treatment.
Cooling and coating olive oil
The PV module with water directly on the surface gave positive results, and it is the best treatment. The next best treatment was coating the module by olive oil. Olive oil treatment did not have any marked effect in winter. Cooling by water running over glass of 3mm thick and greenhouse effect by cooling with water running over glass 3cm over the panel gave negative results.
Case study Yaser farm results show that direct cooling or oil olive coating needed the water yield about 10% over the treatment. Also the farm is suffering from shortage during summer, especially during July. Water cooling elevated water shortage by 10% in some days in winter days the produced water is more than the needed water by 15.5 %.
Since primary energy sources such as fossil fuels are rapidly exhausting, owing to the increase in energy consumption, renewable energy sources have become promising in meeting future energy demands. Of all the various renewable source s, use of solar energy has been increasing rapidly because it is liberal and pollution -free. Generally, the PV industry is dominated by crystalline silicon technology (mono and multi -crystalline), followed by thin –film technology. Many factors determine the ideal output or optimum yield in the photovoltaic module .Solar cell performance decreases with increasing temperature. Cover clouds and accumulation of dust on solar cell panel caused a significant reduction of the power. El–Kharaga Oasis has a hyper–arid climate which characterizes the western desert. El–Kharaga oasis climate is continental with very hot summer and extreme daily temperature ranges. July is the hottest month. The maximum temperature occasionally approaches 50oC in summer; the coldest month is in January. This work aimed to study and overcome the adverse effects of the climatic factors on the efficiency of the photovoltaic panel to increase the amount of pumped water to satisfy the growing crops needs. It was carried out at El-Kharga , New Valley governorate, Egypt , which bounded by long.30o 20” and 30o 40” E; and Lat.25o 05” and 25o 30” N.
To increase the efficiency of the photovoltaic module under EL-Kharaga climatic conditions two experiments were conducted:
1- Shading experiment: Five shading treatments were tested including control, black screen sheath of 63% shading; grey screen sheath of 65% shading, black screen sheath of 73% shading and white screen sheath of 65% shading.
2- Cooling experiment: In this part, five treatments were investigated namely, control, coaling by water, covered by glass 3 mm thick, Greenhouses effect as covering with glass at 2 cm over the panel and coating with as olive oil.
3- To evaluate the efficiency of the positive experimental results of direct water cooling and olive oil coating every 16 days we selected small solar module power to irrigate farm of 4 feddans (Yaser farm) to test the results the results produced power by a control module, the direct water cooling and the olive oil coating.
The results show that:
The seasonal increase in temperature reduced the produced power gradually. The accumulation of dust on the solar cell panel causes a significant reduction of short circuit current and power. Dust accumulation did not have any marked effect on open circuit voltage .the cloud reduced the short circuit current and power. Depending on the density of the cloud the output reduction varied from 70 to 34 %of the rated power 50 watt
Shading
Shading the PV panels generally produced unexpected negative results. The highest value of current, voltage and power output was from the control treatment.
Cooling and coating olive oil
The PV module with water directly on the surface gave positive results, and it is the best treatment. The next best treatment was coating the module by olive oil. Olive oil treatment did not have any marked effect in winter. Cooling by water running over glass of 3mm thick and greenhouse effect by cooling with water running over glass 3cm over the panel gave negative results.
Case study Yaser farm results show that direct cooling or oil olive coating needed the water yield about 10% over the treatment. Also the farm is suffering from shortage during summer, especially during July. Water cooling elevated water shortage by 10% in some days in winter days the produced water is more than the needed water by 15.5 %.
Since primary energy sources such as fossil fuels are rapidly exhausting, owing to the increase in energy consumption, renewable energy sources have become promising in meeting future energy demands. Of all the various renewable source s, use of solar energy has been increasing rapidly because it is liberal and pollution -free. Generally, the PV industry is dominated by crystalline silicon technology (mono and multi -crystalline), followed by thin –film technology. Many factors determine the ideal output or optimum yield in the photovoltaic module .Solar cell performance decreases with increasing temperature. Cover clouds and accumulation of dust on solar cell panel caused a significant reduction of the power. El–Kharaga Oasis has a hyper–arid climate which characterizes the western desert. El–Kharaga oasis climate is continental with very hot summer and extreme daily temperature ranges. July is the hottest month. The maximum temperature occasionally approaches 50oC in summer; the coldest month is in January. This work aimed to study and overcome the adverse effects of the climatic factors on the efficiency of the photovoltaic panel to increase the amount of pumped water to satisfy the growing crops needs. It was carried out at El-Kharga , New Valley governorate, Egypt , which bounded by long.30o 20” and 30o 40” E; and Lat.25o 05” and 25o 30” N.
To increase the efficiency of the photovoltaic module under EL-Kharaga climatic conditions two experiments were conducted:
1- Shading experiment: Five shading treatments were tested including control, black screen sheath of 63% shading; grey screen sheath of 65% shading, black screen sheath of 73% shading and white screen sheath of 65% shading.
2- Cooling experiment: In this part, five treatments were investigated namely, control, coaling by water, covered by glass 3 mm thick, Greenhouses effect as covering with glass at 2 cm over the panel and coating with as olive oil.
3- To evaluate the efficiency of the positive experimental results of direct water cooling and olive oil coating every 16 days we selected small solar module power to irrigate farm of 4 feddans (Yaser farm) to test the results the results produced power by a control module, the direct water cooling and the olive oil coating.
The results show that:
The seasonal increase in temperature reduced the produced power gradually. The accumulation of dust on the solar cell panel causes a significant reduction of short circuit current and power. Dust accumulation did not have any marked effect on open circuit voltage .the cloud reduced the short circuit current and power. Depending on the density of the cloud the output reduction varied from 70 to 34 %of the rated power 50 watt
Shading
Shading the PV panels generally produced unexpected negative results. The highest value of current, voltage and power output was from the control treatment.
Cooling and coating olive oil
The PV module with water directly on the surface gave positive results, and it is the best treatment. The next best treatment was coating the module by olive oil. Olive oil treatment did not have any marked effect in winter. Cooling by water running over glass of 3mm thick and greenhouse effect by cooling with water running over glass 3cm over the panel gave negative results.
Case study Yaser farm results show that direct cooling or oil olive coating needed the water yield about 10% over the treatment. Also the farm is suffering from shortage during summer, especially during July. Water cooling elevated water shortage by 10% in some days in winter days the produced water is more than the needed water by 15.5 %.
Since primary energy sources such as fossil fuels are rapidly exhausting, owing to the increase in energy consumption, renewable energy sources have become promising in meeting future energy demands. Of all the various renewable source s, use of solar energy has been increasing rapidly because it is liberal and pollution -free. Generally, the PV industry is dominated by crystalline silicon technology (mono and multi -crystalline), followed by thin –film technology. Many factors determine the ideal output or optimum yield in the photovoltaic module .Solar cell performance decreases with increasing temperature. Cover clouds and accumulation of dust on solar cell panel caused a significant reduction of the power. El–Kharaga Oasis has a hyper–arid climate which characterizes the western desert. El–Kharaga oasis climate is continental with very hot summer and extreme daily temperature ranges. July is the hottest month. The maximum temperature occasionally approaches 50oC in summer; the coldest month is in January. This work aimed to study and overcome the adverse effects of the climatic factors on the efficiency of the photovoltaic panel to increase the amount of pumped water to satisfy the growing crops needs. It was carried out at El-Kharga , New Valley governorate, Egypt , which bounded by long.30o 20” and 30o 40” E; and Lat.25o 05” and 25o 30” N.
To increase the efficiency of the photovoltaic module under EL-Kharaga climatic conditions two experiments were conducted:
1- Shading experiment: Five shading treatments were tested including control, black screen sheath of 63% shading; grey screen sheath of 65% shading, black screen sheath of 73% shading and white screen sheath of 65% shading.
2- Cooling experiment: In this part, five treatments were investigated namely, control, coaling by water, covered by glass 3 mm thick, Greenhouses effect as covering with glass at 2 cm over the panel and coating with as olive oil.
3- To evaluate the efficiency of the positive experimental results of direct water cooling and olive oil coating every 16 days we selected small solar module power to irrigate farm of 4 feddans (Yaser farm) to test the results the results produced power by a control module, the direct water cooling and the olive oil coating.
The results show that:
The seasonal increase in temperature reduced the produced power gradually. The accumulation of dust on the solar cell panel causes a significant reduction of short circuit current and power. Dust accumulation did not have any marked effect on open circuit voltage .the cloud reduced the short circuit current and power. Depending on the density of the cloud the output reduction varied from 70 to 34 %of the rated power 50 watt
Shading
Shading the PV panels generally produced unexpected negative results. The highest value of current, voltage and power output was from the control treatment.
Cooling and coating olive oil
The PV module with water directly on the surface gave positive results, and it is the best treatment. The next best treatment was coating the module by olive oil. Olive oil treatment did not have any marked effect in winter. Cooling by water running over glass of 3mm thick and greenhouse effect by cooling with water running over glass 3cm over the panel gave negative results.
Case study Yaser farm results show that direct cooling or oil olive coating needed the water yield about 10% over the treatment. Also the farm is suffering from shortage during summer, especially during July. Water cooling elevated water shortage by 10% in some days in winter days the produced water is more than the needed water by 15.5 %.
Since primary energy sources such as fossil fuels are rapidly exhausting, owing to the increase in energy consumption, renewable energy sources have become promising in meeting future energy demands. Of all the various renewable source s, use of solar energy has been increasing rapidly because it is liberal and pollution -free. Generally, the PV industry is dominated by crystalline silicon technology (mono and multi -crystalline), followed by thin –film technology. Many factors determine the ideal output or optimum yield in the photovoltaic module .Solar cell performance decreases with increasing temperature. Cover clouds and accumulation of dust on solar cell panel caused a significant reduction of the power. El–Kharaga Oasis has a hyper–arid climate which characterizes the western desert. El–Kharaga oasis climate is continental with very hot summer and extreme daily temperature ranges. July is the hottest month. The maximum temperature occasionally approaches 50oC in summer; the coldest month is in January. This work aimed to study and overcome the adverse effects of the climatic factors on the efficiency of the photovoltaic panel to increase the amount of pumped water to satisfy the growing crops needs. It was carried out at El-Kharga , New Valley governorate, Egypt , which bounded by long.30o 20” and 30o 40” E; and Lat.25o 05” and 25o 30” N.
To increase the efficiency of the photovoltaic module under EL-Kharaga climatic conditions two experiments were conducted:
1- Shading experiment: Five shading treatments were tested including control, black screen sheath of 63% shading; grey screen sheath of 65% shading, black screen sheath of 73% shading and white screen sheath of 65% shading.
2- Cooling experiment: In this part, five treatments were investigated namely, control, coaling by water, covered by glass 3 mm thick, Greenhouses effect as covering with glass at 2 cm over the panel and coating with as olive oil.
3- To evaluate the efficiency of the positive experimental results of direct water cooling and olive oil coating every 16 days we selected small solar module power to irrigate farm of 4 feddans (Yaser farm) to test the results the results produced power by a control module, the direct water cooling and the olive oil coating.
The results show that:
The seasonal increase in temperature reduced the produced power gradually. The accumulation of dust on the solar cell panel causes a significant reduction of short circuit current and power. Dust accumulation did not have any marked effect on open circuit voltage .the cloud reduced the short circuit current and power. Depending on the density of the cloud the output reduction varied from 70 to 34 %of the rated power 50 watt
Shading
Shading the PV panels generally produced unexpected negative results. The highest value of current, voltage and power output was from the control treatment.
Cooling and coating olive oil
The PV module with water directly on the surface gave positive results, and it is the best treatment. The next best treatment was coating the module by olive oil. Olive oil treatment did not have any marked effect in winter. Cooling by water running over glass of 3mm thick and greenhouse effect by cooling with water running over glass 3cm over the panel gave negative results.
Case study Yaser farm results show that direct cooling or oil olive coating needed the water yield about 10% over the treatment. Also the farm is suffering from shortage during summer, especially during July. Water cooling elevated water shortage by 10% in some days in winter days the produced water is more than the needed water by 15.5 %.