الفهرس 
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Abstract
The global focus on reduction of emissions from marine diesel engines has increased significantly during the last couple of decade. In particular, the ratifying of MARPOL Annex VI requirements for NOx and SOx emissions has been a key driver for the development of technologies for NOx and SOx reduction for marine diesel engines.Today, the majority of commercial ships uses low cost heavy fuel oil (HFO). Due to the global focus on environment and particularly emission of SOx and particulate matters (PM), IMO has introduced a global cap on the allowable amount of emission can be produced from burning the fuel. This results in a lower degree of freedom for the ship-owners in shopping competitive fuels like HFO with higher sulphur contents. By using abatement technologies such as SOx< scrubbers, the ship-owners can continue procuring low cost HFO and still comply with sulphur regulations. Normally, HFO has sulphur contents above the future limits. In today’s marine diesel engines there are two main ways to reduce the NOX to the future Tier III criteria ratified by the International Marine Organization (IMO). The Tier III criteria correspond to a 74% reduction of NOx compared to today’s Tier II criteria. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) are the two different measures for meeting the IMO Tier III NOx criteria. The purpose of the study is to document and quantify benefits on air quality in the Mediterranean countries associated with emission reduction scenarios. These scenarios are characterized by the following reductions in emission factors associated to maritime shipping that could be achieved in the future: Scenario 0: Use Marine Gas Oil (MGO) to comply with the sulphur requirements, no other abatement measures installed. Scenario 1: Use Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) but add scrubber and SCR to reduce SOx and NOx emissions, respectively. Scenario 2: Use Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)This report present emission analysis in each one of the above scenarios to complying with the IMO’s MARPOL Convention Regulation 13 & 14 in the Mediterranean Sea Emission ControlAreas (ECAs) in the period from 2020 to 2040 by using SCR, Scrubbers, and LNG propulsionto control emissions from ships.Maridive 232 which I built my case study on, its engine running on MGO which doesn’t considered cost-effective. MGO prices are high, and are expected to increase even more. NOx abatement technologies are needed in addition.LNG is a cost-effective solution, and it is the most environmentally friendly alternative.Retrofitting vessels to run on LNG, however, is expensive. The LNG dual fuel technology is a flexible solution, and makes it more economic for the ship to trade outside the ECAs.