الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In this study, chemical composition, antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity of GA were studied, in addition to the possibility of using GA as fat replacer at four levels 5, 10, 15 and 20% for production low-fat beef burger, as well as applying GA as an edible coating for extending the shelf-life of strawberry during cold storage. Also in this study, GA was used for the treatment of the diabetic and hepatic rats induced by alloxan and tetrachloride carbon, respectively. Most of the enzymes and some indicators of liver and kidney function were determined to investigate the effect of GA on the kidney and liver functions of diabetic and hepatic rats were determined. Histopathological examination of kidney, liver, heart, and pancreas of diabetic and hepatic rats was done to study the effect of feeding of diabetic and hepatic rats on diets containing 10, 15, and 20% of GA. All results of the effect feeding diabetic and hepatic rats on diets containing different levels of GA were comprised of diamicron and silymarin as a medical therapy. The obtained results can be summarized in the following points: Part I: Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activity: 1- The gross chemical composition of GA revealed that, total dietary fiber was the main component which represents about 89.89% of chemical composition whereas, protein, ash and ether extract were 2.02, 4.10, and 3.99%, respectively 2- GA contained high levels of some minerals that act as a protective effect against oxidation and help insulin secretion for diabetic patients like magnesium 236.20 mg/100g; potassium 513.0 mg/100g; calcium 366.40 mg/100g; iron 484.0 mg/100g; manganese 13.00 mg/100g and chrome 3.20 mg/100. 3- GA contained a high amount of phenolic compounds (1449.35 mg/100g), these compounds have effective antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity, and the main ingredients were catchain 445.20 mg/100g, epicatchain 180.08 mg/100g, gallic acid 161.45 mg/100g, perogallol 93.42 mg/100g, vanilic acid 91.85 mg/100g and salysallic acid 77.12 mg/100g. 4- Aqueous extract and ethanolic extract of GA appeared a high antioxidant activity which represents 73.30 and 70.87%, respectively. 5- Aqueous and ethanolic extractsof GA gave a high antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and diameters inhibition zones were arranged between 15.33 and 26.33mm for aqueous extract and 15.00 to 22.33 mm ethanolic extracts, respectively.