الفهرس 
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Abstract
Maritime transport is the backbone of the global economy and the international trade system. However, greenhouse gases (GHG) and other emissions from vessels and related activities in maritime trade have caused significant environmental impacts especially global warming of the atmosphere. Consequently, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) concern significant care to the reduction of exhaust emissions and improvement of marine energy efficiency through operational and technical measures. Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) is the main index that targets the implementation of IMO measures in order to reduce the C02 emissions from the shipping sector and ensure an energy-efficient design for specific ships. The present thesis aims at evaluating the potential environmental and energy efficiency benefits of using one operational short term measure and another one of the technical long term measures. As a case study, Container Ship has been investigated. The proposed short term measure is ship speed reduction in which the ship speed is reduced below its designed value. Reducing ship speed by 12.6% will reduce C02 emissions by about 36%. Also, the attained EEDI value will be improved by 31.7% and comply with not only the current IMO EEDI requirement but also with the future ones. On the other hand, the proposed long term measure is the utilization of Liquefied Natural Gas as the main fuel in a dual-fuel engine. The results of the analysis show that C02, NOx and SOx emissions reduction percentage corresponding to using a dual-fuel engine operating by LNG instead of a diesel engine operating by Heavy Fuel Oil is about 30.1%, 81.44%, and 96.94%, respectively at the same load condition. Also, the attained EEDI value at the dual-fuel engine is lower than that at diesel engine by about 30% and this value will be 77.18%, 86.84% and 99.27% of the required EEDI for the first, second and third IMO phases, respectively.