الفهرس 
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Abstract
Increased corneal vulnerability in diabetic subjects to intraocular surgical
stress has been indicated in several studies. It is likely that occurs because of
chronic metabolic changes on the cellular level that primarily seems to affect
the monolayer of corneal endothelial cells. These largely hexagonal cells are
responsible for maintaining the hydration of the stroma by actively removing
the water and thus play a pivotal role in maintaining the clarity of the cornea.
Endothelial changes and alternations of central corneal thickness are considered
important parameters of surgical trauma and are indispensable in evaluating the
safety of new surgical methods.
Cataract is considered a major cause of visual impairment in diabetic
patients as the incidence and progression of cataract is elevated in patients with
diabetes mellitus. The association between diabetes and cataract formation has
been shown in clinical epidemiological and basic research studies.
Phacoemulsification with intraocular implantation is one of the most
common surgical procedures performed. The patients are usually elderly, and
this might have a negative impact on the surgical outcome because increasing
age is association with loss of endothelial cells. In childhood, the endothelium
consists of approximately 4000 cells per square millimeter, whereas the number
is reduced to about 2500 cells per square millimeter in the eight decade. Thus,
two important parameters, age and the presence of diabetes, compromise the
status of the endothelium, which may have a negative impact on the final visual
outcome in case of surgery. This study was undertaken to investigate the
outcome after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in patients
with and without diabetes mellitus.
Our study conducted on 80 eyes scheduled for phacoemulsification
surgery. The patients assigned to two groups, patients of group A are diagnosedwith diabetes mellitus, and patients of group B are non-diabetics. A blood
glucose test was done to disclose undetected diabetes.
The present study reveals a significantly greater change of corneal
endothelial cells in diabetic group, compared with non-diabetic group 3 months
after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation.