الفهرس 
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Abstract
Electromagnetic radiations (EMR) are a class of non-ionizing radiation (NIR) that is become widespread in human environment. There are natural and man-made sources of electromagnetic radiation. Natural sources include earth’s magnetic field and the man-made sources emitted from cell phone, mobile phone base stations, Wi-Fi, radio stations, TV antennas, microwaves, radars and other electrical appliances. Mobile phone has wide and rapidly growing use during recent years all over the world and its usage become integral part of our lives.
Olive oil is one of the natural antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic properties and especially effective at scavenging the reactive oxygen species (ROS).
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of topical olive oil on skin exposed to radio frequency electromagnetic radiation (3600MHz) on adult mice in Egypt.
Thirty mice, weighing 20/25 g were used in the current study. They were shaved to become hairless and divided into six groups:
group I (Sham): Five mice were kept under the same experimental set up with the same conditions as experimental animals.
group II (Olive oil): 150 μl of olive oil was painted daily for 15 day on dorsal skin of five mice using moist cotton swab.
group III (3600 MHz EMR-exposed group): Five mice were exposed to 3600 MHz irradiation for 3hrs/day for a total of 15 days then directly sacrificed.
group IV (Pre-EMR group): Olive oil was painted on dorsal skin of five mice once daily for 15 days prior to dose 3600 MHz radiation exposure, then exposure to radiation for 3hrs/day for another 15 days.
group V (Post-EMR group): Olive oil was painted once daily on dorsal skin of five mice for 15 days after exposure to dose of 3600 radiation for 3hrs/day for 15 days.
group VI (Recovery group): Five mice were exposed to 3600 MHz irradiation for 3hrs/day for 15 days then left to recover without treatment for another 15 days.
At the end of the experiment, all animals were sacrificed and the specimens were collected from back skin and biochemical analysis was done. Samples were processed for light microscopic examination sections were stained by H&E, Masson trichrome, Orcein stains and immunohistochemical stain for P53, Caspase-3 and HSP70. The morphometric and statistical analysis were done for total epidermal thickness, area percentage for collagen fibers, area percentage for elastic fibers, number of cells positive for P53, area percentage of Caspase-3 and HSP70.
The present biochemical results showed that group III showed signs of increased oxidative stress markers (high MDA and low CAT levels) when compared to the control groups. This oxidative stress regressed in group IV and V (as MDA became lower and CAT increased again) relative to group III. group VI revealed significant decrease when compared to the EMR-exposed groups.
Regarding inflammatory cytokines, our results showed that the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were markedly higher in the EMR exposed skin of group III mice than those of normal control group mice. Nevertheless, as compared to the mice skin of EMR-exposed group,