الفهرس 
THE HISTORY OF RHEUMATIC FEVEROnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Acute rheumatic fever is non suppurative inflammatory reaction that occurs after a latent period of several days following acute streptococcal pharyngitis. Acute Rheumatic Fever develops with stimulation of cellular and humoral immunity. Cytokines released following this abnormal immune response and they play role in tissue damage. Adiponectin regulates the release of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. It suppresses the synthesis of Tumor necrosis factor-α and induces production of Interleukin-1. So Adiponectin plays an anti-inflammatory role. Interleukin-6 is responsible for synthesis and release of acute phase protein, acute phase changes reflect the presence and intensity of inflammation as a clinical guide to diagnosis and management. Interleukin-6 stimulates the synthesis and growth of B cells and plays role in the immune response reactions. Interleukin-8 is a chemokine which is secreted by macrophages, neutrophils. It causes a number of physiological reactions for chemotaxis and phagocytosis. Superantigens are class of antigens result in activation of the immune system, they are produced by pathogenic bacteria as streptococci, staphylococci in the upper respiratory passages of the susceptible individual act on macrophages that lead to production of pro-inflammatory cytokines which lead to cardiac valves affection, synovial membranes, basal ganglia and subcutaneous diseases.