الفهرس 
صفحة العنوان باللغة الانجليزيةOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Health is the mirror of society, where the progress of health care is a reflection of the development of society throughout history. However, human beings are usually under
the threat of contracting diseases or acquiring injuries.
Therefore, health occupied an important part, not just for individuals but also for the community to promote social life and activities. Furthermore, the medical arts were established to deal with these unfortunate threats.
Hence, some scholars suggested that medicine might be the oldest science, and it might have become established prior to other subjects such as mathematics, astronomy, or agriculture.
The ancient Egyptians realized the importance of health for the individuals and the society. Therefore, in the ancient Egyptian history various forms of healing arts have been established which led to the formulation of a medical pluralism. One of these healing arts was preparing the remedies’which took the form of substances that can be eaten or drunk such as celery, lettuce, meat, salt, honey, beer and wine, along with
uncommon and impure materials such as soot, malachite, lapis lazuli, and hair, urine and even animals’ dung. I
Interestingly, test and observation played an important role for supplying the Egyptian medicine with several experiences. Therefore, some scholars suggested that through rep~ated uses of sycamore figs led to recognition of its laxative effect. 2
Other healing arts were surgeries along with the clinical examinations which were used for giving diagnoses and to establish a prognosis, in order to prescribe a treatment.