الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITRATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
elenium (Se) has been reported to mitigate abiotic stress effects on
various plant species, including drought. This study aimed at exploring
the potential impacts of Se at three levels (0, 20, and 40 mM) applied in
two methods (soil addition or foliar spraying) on growth, yield and its quality,
physio-biochemical attributes, and components of the antioxidant defense
system in tomato plant growing under irrigation water deficit (from 100% to
60% of soil field capacity; SFC) during the 2017 and 2018 seasons. For the
application of Se to soil, the concentration of Se in the tested soil was also
evaluated at the end of the experiments, and the results obtained showed that
soil Se concentration was significantly increased. Reducing irrigation water
from 100% to 60% of SFC led to a marked increase in electrolyte leakage
(EL) and oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde; MDA, hydrogen
peroxide; H2O2, and superoxide; O2
•-
), which associated with increased
contents and activities of osmoprotectants and components (enzymatic and
non-enzymatic) of the antioxidant defense system. In contrast, growth traits,
relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), photosynthetic
efficiency, contents of N, protein and Se, and yield and its fruit Se content
were decreased in both seasons. Both 20 and 40 mM Se significantly increased
contents and activities of osmoprotectants and components of the antioxidant
defense system, which were reflected in reduced EL and oxidative stress
biomarkers and increased growth traits, RWC, MSI, photosynthetic efficiency,
contents of N, protein and Se, and yield and its quality. Compared to foliar
spray, better results were obtained with Se application to the soil. The
interaction among the three factors; water deficit, Se level, and Se application
method was significant. The combination of irrigation at 60% of SFC × Se
foliar application at 40mM 0r Se soil application at 40mM was preferable,
which can be recommended to use for maximizing the productivity and quality
of tomato crop in the dry environmen.