الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The availability of water is the cornerstone of economic and sustainable development. Its
availability is essential for the food production, daily human needs and nutrition of present and future generations. According to the food and agriculture organization of the united nations (FAO) outlook for the year 2050, many regions will face a problem regarding water availability. This water shortage will have adverse effects on food production and the life opportunities of many residents of these regions. So, investments in new water
technologies and infrastructure will be needed to compensate for this shortage and secure
the access of water for residential and agricultural purposes. One of the solutions resides in using the solar-powered pumping systems (SPPSs), which can meet this need. Photovoltaics (PV) have been used intensively for water pumping systems, especially in
remote areas where no utility grid exists. Remote water pumping systems are one of the solutions for meeting the need for agriculture and irrigation in isolated areas. However,
there is a dilemma concerning the Photo-voltaic generators which is related to their nonlinear characteristics. The output characteristics of the PV generator (PVG) are affected by the direct solar irradiance incident on the module surface and the ambient module
temperature, which are continuously changing with time. The nonlinear characteristics of PVG drove to a unique point called the maximum power point (MPP) at which maximum
power is extracted from PVG. This thesis focuses on enhancing the performance of the SPPS through the application of MPPT techniques on Photo-voltaic systems to extract the
maximum possible power. from the different MPPT techniques previously reviewed, the Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (IC) techniques were chosen due to their ease of implementation and low implementation cost. The Incremental
conductance comprises 4 modes based on the selected PI controller and they are, the conventional IC, IC with I controller, IC with PI controller and IC with fractional-order
(FO)PI controller. An investigation into the modeling and design of a grid-connected
photovoltaic system feeding a water pumping station is presented. This model imitates a
real case study of the freshwater pumping station in Toukh, Egypt. This pumping station was modeled using SIMULINK software and fed by a grid-connected PV array of 400
kW. This system was tested under two patterns of irradiance and temperature. It was concluded that the best performance for this PV system is obtained by employing ICFOPI, which gives superior results over the other PI controller modes. To validate the
results obtained from the previous model, a SIMULINK model and a real-time hardware implementation have been conducted for an off-grid SPPS. This model was fed by a PVG through a buck converter circuit with applying the same MPPT techniques as mentioned
above. A comparative study of the effect of MPPT techniques on enhancing system performance was conducted.
A FOPI controller is employed in this work and its impact on the system performance is compared with both I and PI-based controllers. Two MPPT techniques are used to produce
the optimum duty cycle and they comprise five case studies: classical IC, IC with Icontroller, IC with PI-controller, IC with FOPI-controller and P&O. The controllers’ gains
were determined through the Whale optimization algorithm (WOA), Salp swarm optimization algorithm (SSA) and Grasshopper optimization algorithm (GHO). A comparison between these optimizers was performed based on the simulation performance
and the WOA was selected due to its supremacy over the other algorithms. This work has been implemented in a realistic real-time environment at the National Water Research Center (NWRC) in ELqanater Elkhayrya -Egypt. The simulation, as well as the
experimental results, are conceived with each other, which validate and prove the superiority of IC-based FOPI-controller over other techniques used in this work. Thus, a large-scale application of FOPI-based MPPT techniques can be taken into consideration for an improved SPPS performance.