الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of this work is to carry out phytochemical and biological study of secondary metabolite from the whole plant of Rosmarinus officinalis belonging to family Lamiaceae in order to discover natural products with interesting biological activities. In this study, three compounds were isolated and identified using various spectroscopic techniques. Also, the isolated compounds were screened for their cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. Part I: Phytochemical investigation of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Three and half Kilograms of the powdered air-dried aerial of Rosmarinus officinalis were extracted by maceration in a percolator with MeOH then fractionated with pet.ether extract, DCM and EtOAc respectively. The isolated compounds were identified using various spectroscopic techniques including; UV, IR, 1D- and 2D-NMR and HRMS. 3 compounds were identified. The known compounds include one sterol, one diterpene and one triterpene. Also, in this chapter, we study a semi synthetic reaction of rosmariquinone B with o-phenylene diamine reagent. It was subjected to chromatographic investigation. One compound was isolated, then it was identified using various spectroscopic techniques. Part II: Chemo-typing of the essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L. from different areas. This part studies Chemo-typing of the essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L. from different areas Chemo-type describes species of plant having the same morphological characters, but produce different quantities of the chemical components in their essential oil. Their chemical composition was determined by GC/MS analysis. Eleven compounds were identified from RM, representing 91.25 %, fourteen compounds from RG, representing 96.26 % and seventeen compounds from RA, representing 95.59 % of the total detected constituents. Then they were kept for further studies. Part –III Biological evaluate methylene chloride extract, the isolated compounds and a semi synthetic derivative of Rosmarinus officinalis L .plant. 1- Cytotoxic activities of the methylene chloride extract, the isolated compounds and a semi synthetic derivative : Evaluation of anticancer activities of methylene chloride extract, the isolated compounds and a semi synthetic derivative against several cancer cell lines and normal cell line to study the safety of tested samples. The results show that the methylene chloride extract was the most potent of all tested samples against HeLa and U373-MG cell lines. 7α-methylrosmanol compound could be of therapeutic potential agent for treatment of breast cancer. Rosmariquinone B could be used for development drugs against pancreatic cancer with higher selectivity index > 10. 2- Evaluation of antioxidant activities of methylene chloride extract, the isolated compounds, and the essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L .plant using DPPH assay. For essential oil, this study demonstrates that REO obtained from different areas in Egypt exhibited free radical scavenging activity determined by DPPH assay. α-Pinene was major component of REO in RM and RG, respectively. On the other hand, Camphor was the major component in RA. Although the essential oils of RM, RG and RA were different chemo-types, they had comparable antioxidant activities. We suggest that the antioxidant activity may be due to a synergistic effect between their constituents. For the methylene chloride extract and the isolated compounds. The results showed that 7α-methylrosmanol has higher antioxidant activity over than the other tested compounds, followed by rosmariquinone B. On the other hand, the methylene chloride extract showed lower antioxidant activity than the other ones.