الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to outline the pathophysiological mechanisms and metabolic alterations associated with obesity, with an emphasis on the monosodium glutamate-induced obese model and treatment of rats by Metformin, DPP4 inhibitor (Janumet), liraglutide (Victoza), and study their effects by determination of some biochemical constituents in the blood which can contribute to obesity and their complication. Rats divided into control group (group A) (n=12): Oral administration of distilled water once daily for 4 months and MSG administrated group (group B) (n=48): were orally administrated with monosodium glutamate (MSG) at a dose level (15 mg/kg body weight) for three months. After confirmation of obesity we begin the treatment strategy for one month and MSG administrated rats divided into 2 sections 1st section (Continued administration of MSG) and 2nd section (Continued without administration of MSG) and each section contain four groups, non-treated MSG rat (group B), Victoza (group C), Janumet (group D), Metformin (group E), at the end of study body weight and some biochemical constituents in blood were measured, also histopathological examination of liver and kidney tissue. All data were statistically analyzed. Non-treated MSG obese rats were shown a highly significant increase in average body weight, Lipid profile, Fasting glucose, HBA1c, Insulin, Leptin, Resistin, TNF- α, IL-6, Liver enzyme and Kidney function besides marked diffuse steatosis in liver tissue and disruption to the capillary tuft of the glomeruli with marked hydropic degeneration to the tubule of the kidney tissue. While lifestyle modification group and treated group showed a reduction in average body weight and a significant improvement in blood glucose level, HbA1c, insulin, calculated HOMA-IR, Triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, pro-inflammatory adipokines (leptin, resistin) and pro-inflammatory cytokines ( TNF-α, IL-6), liver enzyme and kidney function, also improvement in liver and kidney tissue . This study indicates that lifestyle modification and anti-diabetic drugs used (Victoza, Janumet, and metformin) were improved carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, Insulin sensitivity and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels besides their safety on thyroid, kidney, and liver tissue especially with lifestyle modification.