الفهرس 
Chapter One: IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Western Desert of Egypt covers an area of about 700,000 Km2 and comprises almost two thirds of the whole area of Egypt. It extends 1000 km from the Mediterranean shoreline in the North to the Sudanese border in the South and 600-800 km from the Nile valley in the East to the Libyan border in the West. BED-15 Field forms part of Badr El-Din Concession in the Western Desert some 300 Km west of Cairo and some 100 km west of the Bed-1 producing field.
The study area occupies the northwestern part of Abu Gharadig basin between latitudes 29° 45’ and 30° 05’ N, and longitudes 27° 30’ and 28° 10’ E.
The aim of the study is the determination of vertical and horizontal fractures and its parameters (aperture, porosity and dipping) by using of shallow and deep resistivity logs and determination of reservoir characterization parameters (volume of shale, total and effective porosity and water saturation) for seven wells (Bed 15-1, Bed 15-2, Bed 15-3, Bed 15-7, Bed 15-7A, Bed 15-8 and Bed 15-9) to determine the reservoir performance of “Abu Roach “C” Member” in the selected area. Furthermore investigate the effect of various nanomaterials to induce fractures within these Formations and enhance oil production.
This study demonstrated that acid mixtures injection can play a significant role in the development of porosity around injected wells. It was shown by numerical modeling that mixtures of acids have the possibility to react with carbonates and silicates, dissolving them and opening new pores within the reservoir. The positive effect of acid injection on porosity is proportional to the amount of injected acid. A trail to enhance oil production through the formation by inducing fractures within the selected Formation.
The obtained results succeeded in determination of vertical and horizontal fractures also there is vertical fracture apertures in rang (2-47mm), horizontal fracture apertures in rang (31-48mm), fracture dipping (Y) is calculate in rang (0,831-3,3mm) for vertical fracture and range (-5.8 _ -0,9mm) for vertical fracture and their porosities are (0.003-0,052) for seven wells.
The calculation of reservoir petrophysical parameters shows that the Abu Roash (C) Member is mainly reservoir in the studied area with good permeability and porosity.
On the other hand, the experimental work was done subsequently, which included measurements of porosity and permeability of core samples which show that the permeability was variable in range (low and high permeabilities), saturated the core with brine and measured them again, the result show that there is a reduction in values of permeability.
The prepared fracturing fluid with nanomaterials had high viscosity properties to carry the proppant into wells with high pressure and high temperature but in flooding test with low pressure and temperature the gelled fluid leaked the pores of core sample and make damage in permeability.
from injection tests, it could be observed that the smart fluid was effective as it performs duality as both a hydraulic fracture and chemical treatment. The efficiency of the fluid was demonstrated by the primary results from the first tests. The SEM of the core samples shows that it is more effective with the carbonates rock under low pressure while its efficiency is higher with sandstone under high pressure. If it is used with high concentration with carbonates and with high pressure it can cause a huge fracture in the formation and as it hold its own proppant in Nano scale, so it can be a suitable fracturing fluid.