الفهرس 
Nerve supply of knee jointOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Knee arthroscopy, the most common orthopedic procedure,is used to treat middle-aged or elderly patients with knee pain, with over two million patients undergoing this surgery every year worldwide.Knee arthroscopy is associated with variable amount of postoperative pain, which is caused by irritation of nerve endings in synovial tissue, anterior fat pad, and joint capsule during surgical excision and resection.Injecting bupivacaine into joint following arthroscopic surgery can decrease opioid requirements and the time to ambulation. Local anesthetics block transmission of action potentials through inhibition of related sodium channels.Adductor canal block is a highly successful approach to the saphenous nerve and was initially performed at the level of distal thigh, distal to the quadriceps motor branches. This block is frequently used for anesthesia and analgesia of the medial calf and ankle.The adductor canal block is mainly a sensory nerve block with possibility of preserving quadriceps muscle strength as well as mobilization ability.Ultrasound guidance has renewed interest in these blocks by allowing anesthesiologists to reliably place local anesthetic in the desired location and to avoid inadvertent needle trauma to surrounding structures Assessment of pain after knee arthroscopy was done by Visual analogue scale (VAS) which consists of a line, usually 10 cm long whose ends are labeled as the extremes of pain – no pain to worst pain. A Vas may have specific points along the line that are labeled with intensity denoting adjectives or numbers. Those scales that use adjectives are called graphic rating scales. Patients are asked to rate their pain along the line that best represents the intensity of their pain. This distance between the no end and the mark provided by the patient is measured and this gives the pain intensity score. Such scales demonstrate positive relations to other self-report measures of pain intensity.The VAS is also more sensitive than other measures especially those with a limited number of response categories because there are in fact 10 response levels (0 to 10 cm).The aim of our study is to compare the analgesic effect of ultrasound-guided adductor canal versus intra-articular injection of bupivacaine after knee arthroscopic operations.