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Abstract NOA is a condition characterized by absence of sperm in the ejaculate due to impaired spermatogenesis. NOA is reported in about 60 % of azoospermic patients and 10 % of all infertile men. These infertile men require some form of sperm retrieval procedure in conjunction with intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection to get their offspring. Micro-TESE is one of the best sperm retrieval procedures for men with NOA. Azoospermia may result from pre-testicular, testicular causes affecting spermatogenesis or post-testicular causes. Pre-testicular causes are including defect in the hypothalamus or pituitary gland resulting in impairment the production of FSH and/or LH resulting in secondary spermatogenic failure. Primary spermatogenic failure is defined as any spermatogenic alteration by cases other than hypothalamic-pituitary diseases. The severe forms of primary spermatogenic failure present clinically by azoospermia with different causes. Testicular causes of azoospermia are collectively referred to as non-obstructive azoospermia. Diagnosis of NOA depends on History taking, clinical evaluation, laboratory investigations such as hormonal profile and testicular biopsy Recently, there are many achievements in the area of male infertility. One of them was the introduction of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for the treatment of male factor infertility due to severely abnormal semen quality. Another achievement was the extension of ICSI to azoospermic males and the demonstration that spermatozoa retrieved from either the epididymis or the testis were capable of normal fertilization and pregnancy. Micro-TESE is one of the most popular sperm retrieval procedures for men with NOA. In present study we tried to find out Prognostic factors for successful Micro-TESE. In this study 52 men aged more than 23 years old with infertility for more than 1 year and clinically evident non-obstructive azoospermia with two semen analysis show azoospermia. All Patients underwent Micro-TESE and according to Micro-TESE result, they were divided into 2 groups Negative SRR group and Positive SRR group. The success rate of Micro-TESE in or study was 46.15%. As there were 28 patients with positive SRR and 24 patients with negative SRR. We compared between the two groups according to preoperative factors included age, FSH, LH, estradiol, testosterone, prolactin and testicular volume and intraoperative factors included seminiferous tubular diameter and opacity. |