الفهرس 
introduction and aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Chronic renal failure (CRF) represents a public health problem in in both developed and developing countries. CRF leads to male gonadal dysfunction that may lead to impotence, reduced libido, reduced size of testes and impaired spermatogenesis. Medicinal plants are widely used to reduce the risks of many diseases, relieve sexual dysfunction or as fertility enhancing agents and Raphanus sativus (radish) is one of these plants, which contains antioxidants. The present study assesses the protective impact of Raphanus sativus seed extract (RSE) on testicular dysfunction and infertility associated with CRF induced by adenine (AD) in male rats. Twenty adult male albino rats were divided into four groups (5 each) and received their treatment for 4 weeks: group I, control; group II, (RSE): 0.52 ml/kg orally via stomach tube, group III, (AD): 0.75 % w/w in diet, group IV, (RSE+ AD): received RSE and AD the same dose and route as groups II and III daily. The results showed that treating rats with adenine led to CRF represented by a significant decline in the body weight gain, increase in kidney weight, serum creatinine (SCr), BUN, uric acid and histopathological alteration in kidney tissue. The results also showed a decrease in testicles and epididymides weights, a decrease in testosterone level, increase of FSH & LH levels, decline of semen quality (sperm count, motility, and viability), increase in sperm abnormality, reduced glutathione (GSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) & nitric oxide (NO) levels in testicular tissue and histopathological alteration in testes tissue. The results also showed that male rats treated with RSE with kidney failure led to improvement in these parameters as well as changes in the histological structure of the kidneys and testis compared with the group treated with adenine. Therefore, the study shows that the use of RSE has a positive effect on the defect in the male reproductive system as a result of kidney failure. Thus, the current study encourages the using of RSE as a natural product to attenuate gonadal dysfunction in CRF model in male rats.