الفهرس 
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Abstract
In this summary, we report the suggested plane for
the preparations of three new fixing agents and we
investigated their chemical composition by using Elemental
analyses.
As we know that the cotton fabric need many
preparations for dyeing )scouring , bleaching…….etc)
we make the first preparation is known as scouring
this is very important step where the fabric get rid from
the, oil ,fats ,waxes ,mineral ,leafy matter and impurities .
these impurities are not soluble in water. so they obstruct
the dyeing process. we use (soda ash . caustic soda and
nonionic detergent) .
The second preparation is textile bleaching by using
hydrogen peroxide (2-7%) of the weight of fabric.
The third preparation is optical whiteners to make
the fabric more brilliant white (for white fabrics only).
In dyeing process we dyed with direct dyes with
many concentrations and different colors (blue 3%, 2%,
1%) and (red 3%, 2 %, 1%).
The dying mechanism for the application of direct
dyes to cotton fiber involve the absorption , diffusion and
migration over fiber When the cellulosic fiber is immersed
into water the amorphous regions of the fiber swell to
produce small pores in the order of 20-100A units- the
smaller size dye molecules diffuse into the fiber structure
through these pores. The addition of electrolytes (e.g.
Sodium chloride, sodium sulfate) assists the diffusion and
exhaustion of direct dye anionic by neutralizing the
negative surface charge of the cotton fabric. Then the dye