الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Education is vital to the pace of the social, political and economic development of any nation. In Egyptian higher education, the educational system is still mostly encircling round the traditional education although there are several trials for upgrading to modern education. As we must upgrade our learning systems to meet the needs of our future, it is probably best to forget the definitions of the traditional educational systems and focus our sights on a modern learning system. The advancement and availability of information and communication technologies (ICT) and networking encourage focusing on modern interactive and e-learning concepts. The main objectives of the study were to establishment of e-learning modules as new trends in teaching and learning veterinary anatomical courses, enhance learning in blended or mixed modes to integrate e-learning into all teaching and learning experiences, minimizing the costs of learning, reducing the risks of the formaldehyde vapor on the student’ and lecturer’ health during the practical sessions in the dissecting hall, reducing contact hours and teaching staff that support traditional teaching and implementing the scientific search in improving learning strategies. In response to such challenges, the present study, introduced a theoretical and practical electronic learning module focused on the upper air passage of the respiratory system of the donkey (nasal vestibule, nasal cavity, nasopharynx and larynx) as a model for teaching and learning veterinary anatomy that enables students to learn anywhere and at any time. To perform this study, resected heads of five donkeys (3-5 years old) were subjected to variable anatomical techniques during the preparation of the content of the modules. For interactive and e-learning concepts, media, electronic tools, computer programs and authoring apps were used.
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The offered module comprises: module title, welcome, instructions, learning objectives, content (Text and graphs, interactive power point models, audio, video, etc. with the aid of different anatomical techniques), practice activity, tutorial, knowledge’ check and assessments, contact information and resources). The present study concluded that: • The upper Airways of the donkey is not completely identical to that of the horse. However, many of gross anatomical variations between the donkey and horse occur in the regions of the nasal cavities, pharynx and larynx. • Although e-learning provides several benefits (reduces overall cost, reduces time of learning, ensures consistent delivery, offers expert Knowledge and provides proof of completion), the online education has not solved the problem of practicing soft skills. • High percentage of the students (80-90%) were satisfied with the various elements of the e-learning evaluation survey, though they agreed about the presence of technical problems regarding the internet connection and facilities.