الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Intensive agriculture has resulted in considerable losses in
soil organic carbon and this might have negative implication on
soil fertility and sustainability. Thus, amending soils with organic
matter may enhances aggregate formation and improves soil
structure and porosity stability of aggregates as well as improves
water infiltration and enhances water holding capacity (Blanco-
Canqui, 2017). Moreover, soil organic matter SOM improves
nutrient availability and increases soil biodiversity (Erhart and
Hart, 2010). Organic matter is a source of plant nutrients,
especially in the dissect supply of N, P, S and K. Organic input
also enhances cation exchange capacity CEC particularly in sand
soil and P fixation in strongly acid or alkaline soil (Van-Hut-
2014). There are various options to increase SOM content, either
by decreasing decomposition rate, e.g. by seduced tillage or
increasing organic matter input, e.g. by application of residue
manures compost on biochar.
Compost consists of relatively stable decomposed organic
materials which resulted from the accelerated biological
degradation of organic materials under control, aerobic conditions
(Paulin and peter 2008).
Compost is a good organic fertilizer because it contains
nutrients as well as organic matter. Compost application has two
main effects on soil, particularly in nutrient poor soil such as
sandy soil. Addition of compost increases organic matter and
supply plant with nutrients (Tejada et al., 2009). Organic matter
plays an important role in improving physical, chemical and
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biological properties of soils (Bassouny and Abbas, 2019; De
Jesus Duarte et al., 2019 and Farid et al., 2018). Furthermore,
compost can also act as long-term slow release fertilizer which
increases nutrients availability (Abdelhafez et al., 2017).
Biochar is an amendment of a fine-grained porous structure
that can be added