الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of type 1 diabetes on woman fertility. 60 women between the ages of 18 and 40 who enrolled in the fertility unit at the Al Mansoura University Hospital from January 2017 to January 2018. Patients were divided into 3 equal groups. group I: Non-diabetic (healthy) women. the second group: fertile women with type 1 diabetes .group III (non-fertile): Non-fertile women with diabetes .analyses, blood samples were withdrawn from all the women participating in the study and the following analyses measured the level of glucose and Insulin and HbA1c blood measurement measure estrogen level (E2) and progesterone and level of pituitary hormones FSH and LH This study was carried out on rats including 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180-200 grams Place dispositioned in the Nile Center’s animal house for experimental research in individual cages at 20°C - 25°C - and a light-controlled environment under a dark cycle of 12 hours and 12 dark hours while allowing access to food and waterMice mice were divided into 4 equal groups: healthy group: Consists of 10 normal rats receiving regular food, Diabetic 30-day group: 10 rats of type 1 diabetes receive a low dose of insulin (0.1 IU/kg) for 30 days, diabetic 45-day group: 10 rats Type I diabetes receives a low dose of insulin (0.1 IU/ kg) for a 45 days, diabetic 60-day group: consisting of 10 type I diabetic rats receive a low dose of insulin (0.1 IU/ kg) for 60 days After completing the experiment for each group, rats are slaughtered with samples of ovarian tissue collected, dipped in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80°C. The results were as follows: blood sugar, insulin and HbA1c showed a significant increase in the level of plasma insulin in fertile groups of diabetes compared to the healthy group of women, while its level in the diabetic infertility group decreased compared to the fertile group of diabetes. Random blood sugar also showed a significant increase in fertile groups of diabetics compared to the healthy women’s group, while its level in the diabetic infertility group increased significantly compared to the healthy group. Furthermore, HbA1c showed a significant increase in fertile groups of diabetes and infertile diabetic groups compared to the healthy group of women (levels of sexual ovarian hormones) estrogen, progesterone and AMH showed a significant reduction in the plasma level of estrogen (E2) in fertile groups of diabetics compared to the healthy group of women, while their levels decreased significantly in the diabetic infertile group have decreased significantly compared to the (normal) group of healthy women. On the other hand, the level of progesterone was much higher in the fertile group of diabetics from the healthy group his level was much higher in the diabetic infertile group of the healthy women group and the fertile group of diabetes. Also, the AMH hormone level was low in the fertile group of diabetics of the healthy women’s group and lower in the diabetic group than the healthy women’s group levels of (FSH) and (LH) the plasma level of FSH was significantly lower in the fertile group of diabetics than the healthy women’s group and the fertile group of diabetics and also, the serum level of LH was significantly lower in the group of diabetic infertile group than the normal group of women. Healthy women and a fertile group for diabetics SOD( Super Oxied Dismutase ) enzyme activity and NO(Nitric Oxied) level in the blood SOD activity in plasma was much lower in the sterile group of diabetes compared to the healthy group and its level became much lower in the fertile group, Diabetes from the healthy group had a blood level of NO much higher in the sterile group of diabetics than the healthy group and became a much greater level in the fertile group of diabetes than the sterile group of diabetics. Gene expression of the hormone AMH in the ovary of rats the expression Of AMH did not change significantly at different times (30 days, 45 days and 60 days) in healthy rats. On the other hand, the term AMH at the level of mRNA in rats with diabetes showed a significant decrease in 45 and 60 days compared to the 30th day after diabetes. Also, the expression AMH was significantly reduced on the 60th day compared to day 45 in rats with diabetes. Furthermore, the expression AMH in the ovary increased significantly in diabetic rats on the 30th day compared to healthy rats and decreased significantly in 45 and 60 days compared to healthy rats.