الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Distal radius fracture (DRF) is a common presentation to the Emergency Department (ED) and it is one of the most common injuries treated by the orthopedic surgeons. Nearly 18% of all fractures treated by orthopedic surgeons constitute distal end radius injuries.
In the United States, there is an incidence of around 67 upper extremity fractures per 10,000 people annually. Distal radial and ulnar fractures account for approximately 25% of these fractures. The overall incidence of DRF occurring each year is increasing worldwide.
Abraham Colles is credited with description of the most common fracture pattern affecting distal end radius in 1814, and is classically named after him.
Based on the incidence of the injuries in the United States of America, the greatest rate of injury is among males aged 15 to 24 years followed by females over 75 years. Falls, motor vehicle or other road related accidents and sports account for the majority of the injuries.
A displaced Colles fracture is traditionally treated by manipulative reduction and cast stabilization. The majority of these patients require adequate anesthesia, either performed in the emergency or operating room settings.