الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Urinary bladder cancer is the second most common neoplasm of the urinary tract after cancer prostate. Tumor staging, grading and regional disease spread are the strongest predictors of management strategy and treatment outcome in urinary bladder cancer. This study aims to compare the diagnostic performance of HR T2WI and DWI, using a 3T MR scanner, in characterization, grading and staging of urinary bladder cancer with histopathologic correlation. This study was performed on 86 patients who had presumed diagnosis of bladder cancer. According to the histopathological examination, 5 patients out of them had pathologically proved non-malignant bladder lesions (2 benign and 3 inflammatory in nature) and were excluded from the study. The remaining 81 patients proved to be malignant by histopathology and their HR T2WI and DWI imaging results were correlated to histopathological results regarding staging, grading and cell type. Our essential results showed more accurate staging when using both HR T2WI and DWI than using HR T2WI only. This combination was highly accurate in differentiating superficial bladder tumors from muscle invasive tumors where the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of combined use of HR T2WI and DWI were 95%, 100% and 98%, respectively versus 41%, 98% and 72%, respectively for using HR T2WI only. Also using both sequences together was highly reliable to differentiate tumors confined to bladder from those with extravesical extension where the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of combined use of HR T2WI and DWI were 100%, 100% and 100%, respectively versus 90%, 100% and 93%, respectively for using HR T2WI only. The use of 3T scanner had better accuracy levels when differentiating non-muscle invasive (T1) from muscle invasive (T2-T4) tumors in comparison to other studies done using 1.5 T scanner. Our study revealed that using ADC values to predict tumor grade provided better discrimination of highly aggressive tumor grade (GIII) from earlier grades (GI and GII) with ADC cut off value ≤ 0.95 x 10-3 mm2/sec. No statistically significant difference in ADC values was detected between urothelial and non-urothelial cell