الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Treating pain during vaccination should be a part of pediatric primary health care around the world, as untreated pain in children has short and longterm consequences. Few studies of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic methods of pain relief during immunization have been conducted in low-and-middle-income countries. Finding pain mitigating interventions that are low-cost, effective and feasible across all settings, including with low-resourced settings would improve primary health care. Aim: this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of oral sucrose versus breastfeeding as methods of pain management during immunization among infants through six months of age. Subjects and Method: A randomized controlled experimental design was used. The study sample included 120 infants distributed into control, sucrose, and breastfeeding groups. Data were collected in an Egyptian primary health center. Outcome measures, including pain, as measured by the FLACC pain scale, crying time, and heart rate, were measured at three time points. Results: Infants in breastfeeding group had significantly (p < .001) lower pain scores and crying duration compared to sucrose and control groups. Breastfeeding also was as effective as oral sucrose in preventing the rise in heart rate for infants during immunization. Conclusion: Breastfeeding was effective than oral sucrose in reducing infants’ painful experience during immunization. Recommendations: Health staff and parents need to be educated and supported in the use of breastfeeding for pain management during immunization.